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具身引导对顿悟问题解决的影响：一项眼动研究。

The Effect of the Embodied Guidance in the Insight Problem Solving: An Eye Movement Study.

作者信息

Xing Qiang, Rong Cuiliang, Lu Zheyi, Yao Yanfeng, Zhang Zhonglu, Zhao Xue

机构信息

Department of Psychology, School of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China.

Jiangcun Primary School, Guangzhou, China.

出版信息

Front Psychol. 2018 Nov 26;9:2257. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02257. eCollection 2018.

DOI:10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02257
PMID:30534097
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6275308/
Abstract

Insight is an important cognitive process in creative thinking. The present research applied embodied cognitive perspective to explore the effect of embodied guidance on insight problem solving and its underlying mechanisms by two experiments. Experiment 1 used the matchstick arithmetic problem to explore the role of embodied gestures guidance in problem solving. The results showed that the embodied gestures facilitate the participants' performance. Experiment 2 investigated how embodied attention guidance affects insight problem solving. The results showed that participants performed better in prototypical guidance condition. Experiment 2a adopted the Duncker's radiation problem to explore how embodied behavior and prototypical guidance influence problem solving by attention tracing techniques. Experiment 2b aimed to further examine whether implicit attention transfer was the real cause which resulted in participants over-performing in prototypical guidance condition in Experiment 2a. The results demonstrated that overt physical motion was unnecessary for individuals to experience the benefits of embodied guidance in problem solving, which supported the reciprocal relation hypothesis of saccades and attention. In addition, the questionnaire completed after experiments showed that participants did not realize the relation between guidance and insight problem solving. Taken together, the current study provided further evidence for that embodied gesture and embodied attention both facilitated the insight problem solving and the facilitation is implicit.

摘要

顿悟是创造性思维中的一个重要认知过程。本研究运用具身认知视角，通过两个实验探讨具身引导对顿悟问题解决的影响及其潜在机制。实验1使用火柴棍算术问题来探究具身手势引导在问题解决中的作用。结果表明，具身手势促进了参与者的表现。实验2研究具身注意引导如何影响顿悟问题解决。结果表明，参与者在原型引导条件下表现更好。实验2a采用邓克尔辐射问题，通过注意力追踪技术探究具身行为和原型引导如何影响问题解决。实验2b旨在进一步检验内隐注意转移是否是导致参与者在实验2a的原型引导条件下表现优异的真正原因。结果表明，对于个体而言，在问题解决中体验具身引导的益处并不需要明显的身体动作，这支持了眼跳与注意的相互关系假说。此外，实验后完成的问卷表明，参与者并未意识到引导与顿悟问题解决之间的关系。综上所述，本研究进一步证明了具身手势和具身注意都促进了顿悟问题解决，且这种促进是内隐的。

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