Cripe C R, Walker W W, Pritchard P H, Bourquin A W
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Environmental Research Laboratory, Gulf Breeze, Florida 32561-3999.
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 1987 Dec;14(3):239-51. doi: 10.1016/0147-6513(87)90067-4.
Disadvantages of current biodegradation tests are examined: the need for high substrate concentrations, lack of parent compound concentration measurements, no estimation of sediment effects, failure to indicate compounds to which microbial populations must adapt to degrade, and lack of site specificity in innocula selection. A modified river die-away test is proposed for determining biodegradability of organic compounds and testing for toxic degradation products. The present test uses shake flasks containing sterile (2% formalin) and nonsterile site water: both with, and without, site sediment (500 mg/liter). Concurrent toxicity testing with mysids or daphnids provides a sensitive assay for the detection of toxic metabolites. Examples of three test compounds are given: methyl parathion, which undergoes rapid, sediment-mediated biodegradation; dibutylphthalate, to which some microbial communities exhibit an adaptation phenomenon; and methoxychlor, which has a relatively low water solubility and high sediment partition coefficient. The relative merits of this test procedure are discussed.
需要高底物浓度、缺乏母体化合物浓度测量、未评估沉积物影响、未能指出微生物群体为实现降解必须适应的化合物，以及接种物选择缺乏场地特异性。本文提出了一种改良的河流衰减测试方法，用于测定有机化合物的生物降解性并检测有毒降解产物。目前的测试使用装有无菌（2%福尔马林）和非无菌现场水的摇瓶：既有现场沉积物（500毫克/升），也没有现场沉积物。同时使用糠虾或水蚤进行毒性测试，可为检测有毒代谢物提供灵敏的测定方法。文中给出了三种测试化合物的例子：甲基对硫磷，其可通过沉积物介导快速生物降解；邻苯二甲酸二丁酯，一些微生物群落对其表现出适应现象；甲氧滴滴涕，其水溶性相对较低且沉积物分配系数较高。本文还讨论了该测试程序的相对优点。
