Yang Rui, Zhang Lijin, Wu Xiujuan
School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710062, China.
School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710062, China; Shaanxi Key Research Center of Child Mental and Behavioral Health, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710062, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Behavior and Cognitive Neuroscience, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710062, China.
J Exp Child Psychol. 2023 Jul;231:105664. doi: 10.1016/j.jecp.2023.105664. Epub 2023 Mar 11.
In this study, we assessed whether the trust model formed by children in a moral judgment context with an inaccurate in-group informant affected their corresponding trust model in the knowledge access context and whether conditions (the presence of conflicting testimony: an inaccurate in-group informant paired with an accurate out-group informant; the absence of conflicting testimony: only an inaccurate in-group informant) influenced the trust model. Children aged 3 to 6 years (N = 215; 108 girls) in blue T-shirts as in-group members completed selective trust tasks in the moral judgment and knowledge access contexts. Results for moral judgment showed that children under both conditions were more likely to trust informants based on accurate judgments and gave less consideration to group identity. Results for knowledge access showed that in the presence of conflicting testimony, 3- and 4-year-olds trusted the in-group informant at chance, but 5- and 6-year-olds trusted the accurate informant. In the absence of conflicting testimony, 3- and 4-year-olds agreed more with the inaccurate in-group informant, but 5- and 6-year-olds trusted the in-group informant at chance. The results indicated that older children considered the accuracy of the informant's previous moral judgment for selective trust in the context of knowledge access while ignoring group identity, but that younger children were affected by in-group identity. The study found that 3- to 6-year-olds' trust in inaccurate in-group informants was conditional and that their trust choices appeared to be experimentally conditioned, domain specific, and age differentiated.
在本研究中，我们评估了儿童在道德判断情境中由不准确的内群体信息提供者形成的信任模型是否会影响他们在知识获取情境中的相应信任模型，以及条件（是否存在相互矛盾的证词：不准确的内群体信息提供者与准确的外群体信息提供者配对；不存在相互矛盾的证词：只有不准确的内群体信息提供者）是否会影响信任模型。3至6岁（N = 215；108名女孩）身穿蓝色T恤的儿童作为内群体成员，在道德判断和知识获取情境中完成了选择性信任任务。道德判断的结果表明，在两种条件下，儿童都更有可能基于准确的判断信任信息提供者，而较少考虑群体身份。知识获取的结果表明，在存在相互矛盾的证词时，3岁和4岁的儿童随机信任内群体信息提供者，但5岁和6岁的儿童信任准确的信息提供者。在不存在相互矛盾的证词时，3岁和4岁的儿童更认同不准确的内群体信息提供者，但5岁和6岁的儿童随机信任内群体信息提供者。结果表明，年龄较大的儿童在知识获取情境中进行选择性信任时会考虑信息提供者先前道德判断的准确性，而忽略群体身份，但年龄较小的儿童会受到内群体身份的影响。该研究发现，3至6岁儿童对不准确的内群体信息提供者的信任是有条件的，并且他们的信任选择似乎受到实验条件、领域特异性和年龄差异的影响。
