Health and Environment Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
Sci Total Environ. 2023 Jun 15;877:162726. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162726. Epub 2023 Mar 11.
The detrimental effects of atmospheric fine particulate matter (PM) on human health are of major global concern. PM-bound metals are toxic compounds that contribute to cellular damage. To investigate the toxic effects of water-soluble metals on human lung epithelial cells and their bioaccessibility to lung fluid, PM samples were collected from both urban and industrial areas in the metropolitan city of Tabriz, Iran. Oxidative stress indices, including proline content, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), cytotoxicity, and DNA damage levels of water-soluble components of PM, were evaluated. Furthermore, an in vitro test was conducted to assess the bioaccessibility of various PM-bound metals to the respiratory system using simulated lung fluid. PM average concentrations in urban and industrial areas were 83.11 and 97.71 μg/m, respectively. The cytotoxicity effects of PM water-soluble constituents from urban areas were significantly higher than in industrial areas and the IC was found to be 96.76 ± 3.34 and 201.31 ± 5.96 μg/mL for urban and industrial PM samples, respectively. In addition, higher PM concentrations increased the proline content in a concentration-dependent manner in A549 cells, which plays a protective role against oxidative stress and prevents PM-induced DNA damage. Also, the partial least squares regression revealed that Be, Cd, Co, Ni, and Cr, were significantly correlated with DNA damage and proline accumulation, which caused cell damage through oxidative stress. The results of this study showed that PM-bound metals in highly polluted metropolitan city caused substantial changes in the cellular proline content, DNA damage levels and cytotoxicity in human lung A549 cells.
大气细颗粒物（PM）对人类健康的有害影响是全球主要关注的问题。与 PM 结合的金属是有毒化合物，会导致细胞损伤。为了研究水溶性金属对人肺上皮细胞的毒性作用及其对肺液的生物可给性，从伊朗大都市大不里士的城市和工业区采集了 PM 样本。评估了 PM 中水溶性成分的氧化应激指数，包括脯氨酸含量、总抗氧化能力（TAC）、细胞毒性和 DNA 损伤水平。此外，还进行了一项体外试验，使用模拟肺液评估各种 PM 结合金属对呼吸系统的生物可给性。城市和工业区的 PM 平均浓度分别为 83.11 和 97.71μg/m。城市地区 PM 水溶性成分的细胞毒性作用明显高于工业区，IC 分别为 96.76±3.34μg/mL 和 201.31±5.96μg/mL。此外，较高的 PM 浓度以浓度依赖的方式增加 A549 细胞中的脯氨酸含量，脯氨酸在氧化应激中起保护作用，可防止 PM 诱导的 DNA 损伤。偏最小二乘回归还表明，Be、Cd、Co、Ni 和 Cr 与 DNA 损伤和脯氨酸积累显著相关，这些金属通过氧化应激导致细胞损伤。这项研究的结果表明，在污染严重的大都市中，与 PM 结合的金属会导致人肺 A549 细胞中的细胞脯氨酸含量、DNA 损伤水平和细胞毒性发生重大变化。
