Beba Mohammad, Gholizadeh Mohammad, Sharifi Mohammad, Seifbarghi Tohid, Djafarian Kurosh
Department of Clinical Nutrition, school of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical sciences, P.O. Box 14155-6117, Tehran, Iran.
Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil. 2023 Mar 13;15(1):31. doi: 10.1186/s13102-023-00635-1.
There has been limited research undertaken about the association of dietary insulin load (DIL) and dietary insulin index (DII) with body composition in non-athletic adults, however, to the best of our knowledge No previous study has investigated such an association in an athletic population.
The aim of this study was to explore the association of DII and DIL with body compositions in male and female soccer players and referees.
The cross-sectional study was conducted on 199 professional male and female soccer players and referees. A 147-item semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was adopted to congregate the participants' dietary data. Body composition was measured using InBody to gain a detailed understanding of fat mass, percent body fat (PBF), lean mass, percent muscle mass (PMM), and bone mineral content (BMC). Waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) were obtained from all participants. Other body composition parameters include a body shape index (ABSI), abdominal volume index (AVI), body adiposity index (BAI), body roundness index (BRI), conicity index (CI), weight-adjusted waist index (WWI) and waist-to-hip-to-height ratio (WHHR) were calculated using a particular defined formula.
Results of multiple linear regression revealed that there is a significant association between DIL and BMI (P = 0.04) in < 18 male soccer players, CI (P = 0.04) and WWI (P = 0.03) in ≥ 18 female soccer players, PBF (P = 0.02), PMM (P = 0.01) and WWI (P = 0.01) in ≥ 18 female soccer players. Nevertheless, no significant associations between DIL and body composition parameters were found in the referees. Additionally, there is a significant association between DII and BMC (P = 0.02) in male soccer referees, however, no significant associations were found in young soccer players and female athletes.
This study demonstrates that DIL is positively associated with BMI, CI, and WWI in male soccer players and PBF, and WWI in female soccer players. Although, there was an observed negative association between DIL and PMM in females. In addition, a significant negative association between DII and BMC was observed in male soccer players.
关于非运动员成年人的膳食胰岛素负荷（DIL）和膳食胰岛素指数（DII）与身体成分之间的关联研究有限，然而，据我们所知，此前尚无研究在运动员群体中探究这种关联。
本研究旨在探讨DII和DIL与男女足球运动员及裁判身体成分之间的关联。
对199名职业男女足球运动员和裁判进行了横断面研究。采用一份包含147个条目的半定量食物频率问卷（FFQ）来收集参与者的饮食数据。使用InBody测量身体成分，以详细了解脂肪量、体脂百分比（PBF）、瘦体重、肌肉量百分比（PMM）和骨矿物质含量（BMC）。获取所有参与者的腰围（WC）、臀围（HC）、腰臀比（WHR）和腰高比（WHtR）。其他身体成分参数包括身体形状指数（ABSI）、腹部容积指数（AVI）、身体肥胖指数（BAI）、身体圆度指数（BRI）、锥度指数（CI）、体重调整腰围指数（WWI）和腰臀高比（WHHR），使用特定定义的公式进行计算。
多元线性回归结果显示，在<18岁的男性足球运动员中，DIL与BMI之间存在显著关联（P = 0.04）；在≥18岁的女性足球运动员中，DIL与CI（P = 0.04）和WWI（P = 0.03）存在显著关联；在≥18岁的女性足球运动员中，DIL与PBF（P = 0.02）、PMM（P = 0.01）和WWI（P = 0.01）存在显著关联。然而，在裁判中未发现DIL与身体成分参数之间存在显著关联。此外，在男性足球裁判中，DII与BMC之间存在显著关联（P = 0.02），然而，在年轻足球运动员和女性运动员中未发现显著关联。
本研究表明，DIL与男性足球运动员的BMI、CI和WWI呈正相关，与女性足球运动员的PBF和WWI呈正相关。尽管在女性中观察到DIL与PMM之间存在负相关。此外，在男性足球运动员中观察到DII与BMC之间存在显著负相关。
