Hamidou Hadiara Hamadou, Saïdou Abdoul-Aziz, Joly Hélène I, Moussa Tchoffo Rahilatou, Sani Issa Mahaman Sanoussi, Saadou Souley Mahamadou Nourou, Bakasso Yacoubou
Université Abdou Moumouni, Niamey, Niger.
AGAP Institut, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRA, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France.
Heliyon. 2023 Feb 25;9(3):e13992. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13992. eCollection 2023 Mar.
Family farms play an essential role in agroecological transition in Sahelian countries and worldwide. They present diversified features in terms of socio-economic organization, agrobiodiversity management and cropping systems diversity. Decentralized participatory breeding approaches aim to sustain the diversity of varieties adapted for such smallholder farmers' contexts. However the lack of clear target population of environments limits the focus and the efficiency of these approaches given the large diversification of the local contexts. In this study, we surveyed variables linked to agrosystems, crop management options and farmers' criteria of varietal evaluation from 254 family farms sampled along 13 locations spanning the target area of a decentralized participatory breeding program of cowpea crop ( L. Walp) in Niger. The objective of our study was to infer typologies of family farms in the study area based on relevant variables supporting the setting of target population of environments (TPEs) to be considered in the breeding program. We used factorial analysis of mixed data (FAMD) and the Discriminant Analysis of Principal Components (DAPC) to infer the clusters. Chi square test, analysis of variance and generalized linear model were used to identify key variables discriminating the clusters. These clusters were geographically mapped to analyze their multilocal distribution. So, we identified and characterized four clusters structuring the diversity of the local agrosystems (Typologie G), five clusters structuring the diversity of cowpea cropping management options (Typologie C) and five clusters structuring the diversity of criteria used by farmers to evaluate the performance of cowpea varieties in the local contexts (Typologie P). Typology G distinguished farms based on discriminating variables linked for instance to secondary activities, cultivated species, soil fertility management practices and farm resources including land and livestock. Typology C distinguished farms based on cowpea management pratices including the secondary crop intercropped with cowpea (sorghum, Guinea sorrel, sesame or groundnut) and the use of cowpea harvest products (seeds, haulms, hulls). Typology P was based on discriminating performance criteria including cycle length, insect resistance, striga resistance, drought resistance, haulm production and economic value of cowpea variety. This methodology provides a robust and replicable way for the definition of clusters capturing the diversity of farms and local contexts. We discussed the perspective of using these clusters to set target population of environments for decentralized breeding programs.
家庭农场在萨赫勒地区国家乃至全球的农业生态转型中发挥着至关重要的作用。它们在社会经济组织、农业生物多样性管理和种植系统多样性方面呈现出多样化的特征。分散式参与式育种方法旨在维持适应此类小农户环境的品种多样性。然而，鉴于当地环境的高度多样化，缺乏明确的目标环境群体限制了这些方法的重点和效率。在本研究中，我们对来自尼日尔豇豆作物（L. Walp）分散式参与式育种计划目标区域内13个地点的254个家庭农场进行了调查，涉及与农业系统、作物管理选择以及农民品种评价标准相关的变量。我们研究的目的是基于支持确定育种计划中要考虑的目标环境群体（TPEs）的相关变量，推断研究区域内家庭农场的类型。我们使用混合数据的因子分析（FAMD）和主成分判别分析（DAPC）来推断聚类。使用卡方检验、方差分析和广义线性模型来识别区分聚类的关键变量。这些聚类在地理上进行了映射，以分析它们的多地点分布。因此，我们识别并描述了构成当地农业系统多样性的四个聚类（类型G）、构成豇豆种植管理选择多样性的五个聚类（类型C）以及构成农民在当地环境中评估豇豆品种性能所使用标准多样性的五个聚类（类型P）。类型G根据例如与副业活动、种植物种、土壤肥力管理实践以及包括土地和牲畜在内的农场资源相关的区分变量来区分农场。类型C根据豇豆管理实践来区分农场，包括与豇豆间作的第二季作物（高粱、几内亚酸模、芝麻或花生）以及豇豆收获产品（种子、秸秆、豆荚壳）的使用。类型P基于区分性能标准，包括豇豆品种的生育期长度、抗虫性、抗寄生杂草性、抗旱性、秸秆产量和经济价值。这种方法为定义捕捉农场和当地环境多样性的聚类提供了一种稳健且可复制的方式。我们讨论了使用这些聚类为分散式育种计划设定目标环境群体的前景。
