Mäki Päivi, Harald Kennet, Lindström Jaana, Männistö Satu, Laatikainen Tiina
Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Finland.
Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Finland.
Scand J Public Health. 2024 Jun;52(4):461-467. doi: 10.1177/14034948221148053. Epub 2023 Mar 14.
The aims of this study were to update risk estimates of obesity related co-morbidities and to provide evidence of the importance of obesity prevention to decision makers.
The study included 25- to 74-year-old participants (=22,977) of the National FINRISK Studies in 1997, 2002 and 2007. Body mass index was calculated from measured weight and height at baseline. Data on morbidity were ascertained via linkage to the National Hospital Discharge Register, the Cancer Register and the records of the Social Insurance Institution of Finland until the end of year 2018. The Cox proportional hazards model was used to estimate associations between weight status and the risk of the end-point diseases during follow-up, with adjustment for age and smoking.
At baseline, 31% of participants had at least one of the investigated diseases. Overweight, obesity and severe obesity were associated with type 2 diabetes, gout, gallbladder diseases and knee and hip osteoarthritis during the follow-up in both men and women. The risk of coronary heart disease was increased in men who were overweight, obese and severely obese and in women who were obese and severely obese. Risk of asthma was increased only among women who were obese and severely obese. No associations were found between obesity and breast, prostate or colorectal cancer.
The study showed a strong relationship between excess body weight and the prevalence and incidence of several diseases. Obesity prevention is essential to reduce disease burden in the future.
本研究的目的是更新肥胖相关合并症的风险估计，并向决策者提供肥胖预防重要性的证据。
该研究纳入了1997年、2002年和2007年全国FINRISK研究中25至74岁的参与者（=22977人）。根据基线时测量的体重和身高计算体重指数。通过与国家医院出院登记册、癌症登记册以及芬兰社会保险机构的记录进行关联，确定直至2018年底的发病数据。采用Cox比例风险模型估计体重状况与随访期间终点疾病风险之间的关联，并对年龄和吸烟进行调整。
在基线时，31%的参与者至少患有一种所研究的疾病。在随访期间，超重、肥胖和重度肥胖与男性和女性的2型糖尿病、痛风、胆囊疾病以及膝关节和髋关节骨关节炎相关。超重、肥胖和重度肥胖的男性以及肥胖和重度肥胖的女性患冠心病的风险增加。仅肥胖和重度肥胖的女性患哮喘的风险增加。未发现肥胖与乳腺癌、前列腺癌或结直肠癌之间存在关联。
该研究表明超重与多种疾病的患病率和发病率之间存在密切关系。预防肥胖对于未来减轻疾病负担至关重要。
