Faculty of Medicine, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
Biomed Pharmacother. 2023 Feb;158:114168. doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.114168. Epub 2023 Jan 3.
The categorization of cancers demonstrates that prostate cancer is the most common malignancy in men and it causes high death annually. Prostate cancer patients are diagnosed mainly via biomarkers such as PSA test and patients show poor prognosis. Prostate cancer cells rapidly diffuse into different parts of body and their metastasis is also a reason for death. Current therapies for prostate cancer patients include chemotherapy, surgery and radiotherapy as well as targeted therapy. The progression of prostate cancer cells is regulated by different factors that STAT3 signaling is among them. Growth factors and cytokines such as IL-6 can induce STAT3 signaling and it shows carcinogenic impact. Activation of STAT3 signaling occurs in prostate cancer and it promotes malignant behavior of tumor cells. Induction of STAT3 signaling increases glycolysis and proliferation of prostate cancer cells and prevents apoptosis. Furthermore, STAT3 signaling induces EMT mechanism in increasing cancer metastasis. Activation of STAT3 signaling stimulates drug resistance and the limitation of current works is lack of experiment related to role of STAT3 signaling in radio-resistance in prostate tumor. Calcitriol, capsazepine and β-elemonic are among the compounds capable of targeting STAT3 signaling and its inhibition in prostate cancer therapy. In addition to natural products, small molecules targeting STAT3 signaling have been developed in prostate cancer therapy.
癌症的分类表明，前列腺癌是男性中最常见的恶性肿瘤，每年导致大量死亡。前列腺癌患者主要通过 PSA 测试等生物标志物进行诊断，且患者预后不良。前列腺癌细胞迅速扩散到身体的不同部位，其转移也是死亡的原因之一。目前前列腺癌患者的治疗方法包括化疗、手术和放疗以及靶向治疗。前列腺癌细胞的进展受多种因素调控，其中包括 STAT3 信号通路。生长因子和细胞因子，如 IL-6，可以诱导 STAT3 信号通路，从而表现出致癌作用。STAT3 信号通路在前列腺癌中被激活，促进肿瘤细胞的恶性行为。STAT3 信号通路的诱导增加了前列腺癌细胞的糖酵解和增殖，并阻止了细胞凋亡。此外，STAT3 信号通路诱导 EMT 机制，增加癌症转移。STAT3 信号通路的激活会刺激药物耐药性，目前的研究局限性在于缺乏关于 STAT3 信号通路在前列腺肿瘤放射抗性中的作用的相关实验。钙三醇、辣椒素和 β-elemonic 是能够靶向 STAT3 信号通路的化合物之一，在前列腺癌治疗中抑制其活性。除了天然产物，针对 STAT3 信号通路的小分子也已在前列腺癌治疗中得到开发。
