Department of Psychology, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China.
Laboratory of Department of Psychology, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China.
Cereb Cortex. 2023 Jun 8;33(12):7659-7669. doi: 10.1093/cercor/bhad069.
Previous research indicates that social distance can influence people's social evaluations of others. Individuals tend to evaluate intimate others more positively than distant others. The present study investigates the modulating effect of social distance on the time course underlying individuals' evaluation processes of others using adequate electroencephalography methods. The results reveal that in the initial processing stage, the P2 component is larger when friends are negatively evaluated, whereas this pattern is the opposite for strangers. In the second stage, medial frontal negativity and early mid-frontal theta band activity is enhanced for negative evaluations of friends, whereas this effect is absent in social evaluations of strangers. At the late stage, the P3 is larger for positive evaluations of friends but insensitive to social evaluations of strangers, and the late mid-frontal theta is also modulated by social distance. These findings provide direct and powerful evidence that social distance modulates individuals' evaluations of others with different levels of intimacy throughout all processing stages.
先前的研究表明，社交距离会影响人们对他人的社会评价。个体往往会对亲密的人给予更积极的评价，而对疏远的人则评价较低。本研究使用适当的脑电图方法，探究了社交距离对个体评价他人过程的时程的调节作用。结果表明，在初始加工阶段，当朋友被负面评价时，P2 成分更大，而对于陌生人则相反。在第二阶段，当朋友被负面评价时，中额负向波和早期中额 theta 带活动增强，而这种效应在对陌生人的社会评价中不存在。在晚期阶段，当朋友被积极评价时，P3 更大，但对陌生人的社会评价不敏感，晚期中额 theta 也受到社交距离的调节。这些发现提供了直接而有力的证据，表明社交距离会在所有加工阶段调节个体对不同亲密程度的他人的评价。
