Key Laboratory of Child Development and Learning Science, Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.
Biol Psychol. 2011 Dec;88(2-3):253-62. doi: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2011.08.009. Epub 2011 Sep 2.
Previous research showed that social distance (e.g., being friends or strangers) influences people's fairness consideration and other-regarding behavior. However, it is not entirely clear how social distance influences the recipient's evaluation of (un)fair behavior. In this study, we let people play a dictator game in which they received (un)fair offers from either friends or strangers while their brain potentials were recorded. Results showed that the medial frontal negativity (MFN), a component associated with the processing of expectancy violation, was more negative-going in response to unfair than to fair offers from friends whereas it did not show differential responses to offers from strangers. The P300 was more positive for fair than for unfair offers irrespective of friends or strangers making the offers. These results suggest that violation of social norms can be detected at an early stage of evaluative processing and that this detection can be modulated by social distance.
先前的研究表明，社交距离（例如，朋友或陌生人）会影响人们的公平考量和利他行为。然而，社交距离如何影响接受者对（不）公平行为的评价还不完全清楚。在这项研究中，我们让人们玩一个独裁者游戏，在游戏中，他们从朋友或陌生人那里收到（不）公平的提议，同时记录他们的脑电波。结果表明，内侧前额负波（MFN），一种与预期违背处理相关的成分，对朋友提出的不公平提议的反应比公平提议更消极，而对陌生人提出的提议则没有表现出不同的反应。与朋友还是陌生人提出的提议无关，P300 对公平提议的反应比不公平提议更积极。这些结果表明，违反社会规范可以在评价处理的早期阶段被检测到，并且这种检测可以被社交距离所调节。
