Harahap Nabila Clydea, Handayani Putu Wuri, Hidayanto Achmad Nizar
Faculty of Computer Science, University of Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia.
JMIR Med Inform. 2023 Mar 14;11:e44784. doi: 10.2196/44784.
Personal health records (PHRs) are consumer-centric tools designed to facilitate the tracking, management, and sharing of personal health information. PHR research has mainly been conducted in high-income countries rather than in low- and middle-income countries. Moreover, previous studies that proposed PHR design in low- and middle-income countries did not describe integration with other systems, or there was no stakeholder involvement in exploring PHR requirements.
This study developed an integrated PHR architecture and prototype in Indonesia using design science research. We conducted the research in Indonesia, a low- to middle-income country with the largest population in Southeast Asia and a tiered health system.
This study followed the design science research guidelines. The requirements were identified through interviews with 37 respondents from health organizations and a questionnaire with 1012 patients. Afterward, the proposed architecture and prototype were evaluated via interviews with 6 IT or eHealth experts.
The architecture design refers to The Open Group Architecture Framework version 9.2 and comprises 5 components: architecture vision, business architecture, application architecture, data architecture, and technology architecture. We developed a high-fidelity prototype for patients and physicians. In the evaluation, improvements were made to add the stakeholders and the required functionality to the PHR and add the necessary information to the functions that were developed in the prototype.
We used design science to illustrate PHR integration in Indonesia, which involves related stakeholders in requirement gathering and evaluation. We developed architecture and application prototypes based on health systems in Indonesia, which comprise routine health services, including disease treatment and health examinations, as well as promotive and preventive health efforts.
个人健康记录（PHR）是以消费者为中心的工具，旨在促进个人健康信息的跟踪、管理和共享。PHR研究主要在高收入国家开展，而非低收入和中等收入国家。此外，先前在低收入和中等收入国家提出的PHR设计并未描述与其他系统的整合情况，或者在探索PHR需求时没有利益相关者的参与。
本研究运用设计科学研究方法，在印度尼西亚开发了一个集成的PHR架构和原型。我们在印度尼西亚开展了这项研究，该国是东南亚人口最多的低收入和中等收入国家，拥有分层的卫生系统。
本研究遵循设计科学研究指南。通过对37名来自卫生组织的受访者进行访谈以及对1012名患者进行问卷调查来确定需求。之后，通过对6名信息技术或电子健康专家进行访谈，对所提出的架构和原型进行评估。
架构设计参考了《开放群组架构框架》第9.2版，由5个组件组成：架构愿景、业务架构、应用架构、数据架构和技术架构。我们为患者和医生开发了一个高保真原型。在评估过程中，进行了改进，以便在PHR中增加利益相关者和所需功能，并在原型中已开发的功能中添加必要信息。
我们运用设计科学来说明印度尼西亚的PHR整合情况，其中涉及相关利益者参与需求收集和评估。我们基于印度尼西亚的卫生系统开发了架构和应用原型，该卫生系统包括常规卫生服务，如疾病治疗和健康检查，以及促进健康和预防保健工作。
