Jederström Moa, Agnafors Sara, Ekegren Christina L, Fagher Kristina, Gauffin Håkan, Korhonen Laura, Park Jennifer, Spreco Armin, Timpka Toomas
Athletics Research Center, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Division of Society and Health, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Children's and Women's Health, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med. 2023 Mar 8;9(1):e001491. doi: 10.1136/bmjsem-2022-001491. eCollection 2023.
Little is known about figure skaters' mental health. This study aimed to describe anxiety and depression caseness (defined as a screening condition qualifying for psychiatric examination) in competitive figure skaters and analyse factors associated with such caseness.
A cross-sectional study was performed in April 2019 among all competitive figure skaters in the south-eastern region of Sweden (N=400). The primary outcomes were anxiety caseness, measured using the short-form Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory and depression caseness, measured using the WHO-5 index. Multivariable logistic regression models were employed to determine the association between anxiety caseness and explanatory factors.
In total, 36% (n=142) of the invited skaters participated. Only females (n=137), mean age 12.9 (SD 3.0) years) were selected for analysis. Of the participating skaters, 47% displayed anxiety caseness and 10% depression caseness. Overweight body image perception (OR 5.9; 95% CI 2.0 to 17.6; p=0.001) and older age (OR 1.2; 95% CI 1.1 to 1.4; p=0.005) were associated with anxiety caseness. Skaters reporting no caseness were younger than those reporting only anxiety caseness (mean age difference -1.9 years; 95% CI -3.1 to -0.7; p=0.001) or anxiety and depression caseness (OR -3.5 years; 95% CI -5.6 to -1.5 years; p<0.001).
Anxiety caseness was associated with overweight body image perception and older age in female competitive figure skaters. Older skaters reported generally worse mental health. More research on the mental health of figure skaters is warranted, considering comorbidity and focusing on those needing further assessment and support.
人们对花样滑冰运动员的心理健康知之甚少。本研究旨在描述竞技花样滑冰运动员的焦虑和抑郁情况（定义为符合精神病检查条件的筛查状况），并分析与此类情况相关的因素。
2019年4月对瑞典东南部地区所有竞技花样滑冰运动员（N = 400）进行了一项横断面研究。主要结局指标为使用斯皮尔伯格状态 - 特质焦虑量表简版测量的焦虑情况，以及使用WHO - 5指数测量的抑郁情况。采用多变量逻辑回归模型来确定焦虑情况与解释因素之间的关联。
总共36%（n = 142）受邀滑冰运动员参与了研究。仅选取了女性（n = 137），平均年龄12.9（标准差3.0）岁进行分析。在参与研究的滑冰运动员中，47%表现出焦虑情况，10%表现出抑郁情况。超重的身体形象认知（比值比5.9；95%置信区间2.0至17.6；p = 0.001）和年龄较大（比值比1.2；95%置信区间1.1至1.4；p = 0.005）与焦虑情况相关。报告无情况的滑冰运动员比仅报告焦虑情况的运动员年轻（平均年龄差 - 1.9岁；95%置信区间 - 3.1至 - 0.7；p = 0.001），或比报告焦虑和抑郁情况的运动员年轻（平均年龄差 - 3.5岁；95%置信区间 - 5.6至 - 1.5岁；p < 0.001）。
在女性竞技花样滑冰运动员中，焦虑情况与超重的身体形象认知和年龄较大有关。年龄较大的滑冰运动员报告的心理健康状况总体较差。考虑到合并症并关注那些需要进一步评估和支持的人群，有必要对花样滑冰运动员的心理健康进行更多研究。
