Section of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.
Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.
Eur J Sport Sci. 2021 Jan;21(1):107-117. doi: 10.1080/17461391.2020.1736180. Epub 2020 Mar 19.
This study aimed to assess the differences in psychosocial health and cardiometabolic risk during adulthood in women based on previously organised sport (OS) participation during adolescence and current activity levels, with emphasis on participation in aesthetic sports. The study included 1947 women aged 18-55 years who were categorised into four groups: 355 aesthetic athletes during adolescence, 494 non- aesthetic athletes during adolescence, 791 non-athletes during adolescence with similar current levels of physical activity (PA) to OS groups and 307 currently inactive non-athletes during adolescence. Participants answered questionnaires regarding sport participation, psychosocial health and cardiometabolic risk. The results show that non-athletes during adolescence who are currently inactive reported significantly lower psychosocial health and higher cardiometabolic risk scores. Women with currently homogenous PA levels (² = 0.514) reported similar physical quality of life (QoL), exercise addiction, anxiety and depression symptoms regardless of participation in OS during adolescence ( > .05), except aesthetic athletes who reported the worst sleep and mental QoL. Very high training volumes in aesthetic athletes did not influence psychological outcomes and cardiometabolic risk in adulthood compared to lower training volumes. In conclusion, the effects of PA during adulthood appear to be powerful enough to induce beneficial adaptations in health outcomes that match those observed in women who participate in OS during adolescence, except for aesthetic sports participants, who show a high risk of lower quality of sleep in adulthood. PA should be promoted in adults and especially women who have not participated in OS during adolescence.
本研究旨在评估女性在成年期基于青春期前有组织的体育活动（OS）参与情况和当前活动水平的心理社会健康和心血管代谢风险的差异，重点关注参与审美运动的情况。该研究纳入了 1947 名年龄在 18-55 岁的女性，将她们分为四组：青春期时有 355 名审美运动员，青春期时有 494 名非审美运动员，青春期时有 791 名非运动员，但当前的体力活动（PA）水平与 OS 组相似，青春期时有 307 名当前不活跃的非运动员。参与者回答了关于运动参与、心理社会健康和心血管代谢风险的问卷。结果表明，青春期不活跃的非运动员报告的心理社会健康水平较低，心血管代谢风险较高。目前 PA 水平相同的女性（²=0.514）报告的身体质量生活（QoL）、运动成瘾、焦虑和抑郁症状相似，无论她们是否在青春期参加 OS（>0.05），除了审美运动员，他们报告的睡眠和心理 QoL 最差。与较低的训练量相比，审美运动员的高训练量对成年后的心理结果和心血管代谢风险没有影响。总之，成年期 PA 的影响似乎足以诱导健康结果的有益适应，与青春期参加 OS 的女性观察到的结果相匹配，除了审美运动参与者，他们在成年期表现出睡眠质量下降的高风险。应在成年人中，特别是在青春期未参加 OS 的女性中推广 PA。
