Division of General Internal Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Health System, 3300 Kossuth Avenue, Bronx, NY, 10467, USA.
Humsafar Trust, Mumbai, India.
AIDS Behav. 2023 Sep;27(9):3150-3156. doi: 10.1007/s10461-023-04035-x. Epub 2023 Mar 15.
Online outreach may be an important strategy to reach Indian gender minority (GM) populations for HIV testing. However, little is known about Indian GM populations reached online who are sexually active and their HIV testing behaviors. We conducted a secondary analysis of an India wide online cross-sectional survey to assess HIV testing and identify associated factors. The 467 GM respondents identified their gender as transgender women (29.6%), Hijra (5.1%), intersex (37%), or gender non-binary (28.3%). Overall, almost half (47.5%) had never been tested for HIV; among respondents having condomless anal sex, half (50%) reported never testing for HIV. A decreased odds of ever HIV testing was associated with being unsure how to access free testing (compared to being easy; AOR = 0.36, 95%CI 0.20, 0.63) and unaware of comfortable testing sites (AOR = 0.32, 95% CI 0.20, 0.63). Increased odds of testing were associated with identifying as Hijra (compared to transgender women; AOR = 4.07, 95%CI 1.18-16.92) and disclosing sexual behaviors to a doctor (AOR = 3.20, 95% CI 1.91, 5.46). In this GM sample recruited online, HIV testing rates were low. Online interventions are needed to engage individuals with diverse GM identities in India for linkage to accessible and acceptable HIV testing options.
在线外展可能是接触印度性别少数群体（GM）人群进行 HIV 检测的重要策略。然而，对于在线接触到的活跃性活跃的印度 GM 人群及其 HIV 检测行为，我们知之甚少。我们对一项印度全国性在线横断面调查进行了二次分析，以评估 HIV 检测情况并确定相关因素。467 名 GM 受访者将其性别确定为跨性别女性（29.6%）、希吉拉（5.1%）、间性人（37%）或非二进制性别（28.3%）。总体而言，近一半（47.5%）从未接受过 HIV 检测；在有过无保护肛交行为的受访者中，有一半（50%）表示从未接受过 HIV 检测。从未接受过 HIV 检测的可能性与不确定如何获得免费检测（与容易获得相比；AOR=0.36，95%CI 0.20，0.63）和不知道舒适的检测地点（AOR=0.32，95%CI 0.20，0.63）有关。增加检测可能性与将自己确定为希吉拉（与跨性别女性相比；AOR=4.07，95%CI 1.18-16.92）和向医生披露性行为（AOR=3.20，95%CI 1.91，5.46）有关。在这项在线招募的 GM 样本中，HIV 检测率较低。需要在线干预措施来接触具有不同 GM 身份的个人，以将他们与可及和可接受的 HIV 检测选项联系起来。
