Wang Shi-Yu, Li Chun, Zhao Hong-Wei, Chen Xi, Zhang Hui-Jun, Zhu Yong-Bing, Zhao San-Ping, Ji Chao, Liu Xiao-Dong
Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Polar Environment and Global Change, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
63968 Unit of PLA, Baicheng 137001, China.
Huan Jing Ke Xue. 2023 Mar 8;44(3):1657-1667. doi: 10.13227/j.hjkx.202201279.
Heavy metal pollution in testing ranges is one of the most widely concerning environmental problems. The ammunition static detonation test area, the bomb falling area, and the living area of a testing range in Jilin were selected as the study objects. The contents of heavy metals (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn) in 112 topsoil samples and two soil profiles were analyzed, and their distribution characteristics and sources were analyzed in detail. After that, the pollution degree and potential ecological risk of heavy metals were investigated using multiple pollution index assessment methods. The results showed that the average contents of As, Cd, Cu, Ni, and Zn in the soil of the ammunition static detonation test area were higher than the soil background values in Jilin province, and the contents of Cu, Zn, As, and Cd showed strong spatial heterogeneity. The average concentrations of As, Cd, and Ni in the soil of the bomb falling area exceeded their background values. The average contents of As and Cd in the soil of the living area were higher than the background values, and the variation coefficients of Pb, Cd, Zn, and Cr were relatively high, indicating that they may have been affected by human activities. In different test areas, the contents of As, Cr, Cu, Ni, and Zn in the soil samples were significantly different (<0.05). The ammunition static detonation test area was more strongly affected by the test activities than the bomb falling area, and the heavy metal contents in the surface layer of the soil profile were significantly higher. There was no obvious vertical migration of heavy metals in the soil profiles. The results of multivariate statistics and source identification analysis using absolute principal component score-multiple linear regression (APCS-MLR) showed that Zn, Pb, and Cd were mainly affected by pollution sources related to test activities; Cr and Ni were mainly affected by natural sources of soil forming materials; and the sources of As and Cu were more complicated. The geo-accumulation index showed that Cd in the three areas and Ni in the bomb falling area belonged to pollution level 1 (uncontaminated to moderately contaminated). The Nemerow comprehensive pollution index showed that the pollution levels among the different functional areas were:living area>ammunition static detonation test area>bomb falling area, and the three functional areas were slightly polluted. The potential ecological risk index showed that the study area was at moderate ecological risk level, and Cd was considered to be the main soil pollution factor.
试验区的重金属污染是最受广泛关注的环境问题之一。选取吉林某试验区的弹药静态爆炸试验区、弹着区和生活区作为研究对象。分析了112个表层土壤样品和两个土壤剖面中重金属（砷、镉、铬、铜、镍、铅和锌）的含量，并详细分析了它们的分布特征和来源。之后，采用多种污染指数评价方法对重金属的污染程度和潜在生态风险进行了研究。结果表明，弹药静态爆炸试验区土壤中砷、镉、铜、镍和锌的平均含量高于吉林省土壤背景值，铜、锌、砷和镉的含量表现出较强的空间异质性。弹着区土壤中砷、镉和镍的平均浓度超过了背景值。生活区土壤中砷和镉的平均含量高于背景值，铅、镉、锌和铬的变异系数相对较高，表明它们可能受到了人类活动的影响。在不同试验区，土壤样品中砷、铬、铜、镍和锌的含量存在显著差异（<0.05）。弹药静态爆炸试验区受试验活动的影响比弹着区更强，土壤剖面表层的重金属含量显著更高。土壤剖面中重金属没有明显的垂直迁移。利用绝对主成分得分-多元线性回归（APCS-MLR）进行的多元统计和源识别分析结果表明，锌、铅和镉主要受与试验活动相关的污染源影响；铬和镍主要受土壤成土物质自然源影响；砷和铜的来源更为复杂。地累积指数表明，三个区域的镉和弹着区的镍属于污染等级1（未污染至中度污染）。内梅罗综合污染指数表明，不同功能区的污染程度为：生活区>弹药静态爆炸试验区>弹着区，三个功能区均受到轻度污染。潜在生态风险指数表明，研究区域处于中等生态风险水平，镉被认为是主要的土壤污染因子。
