Division of Cardiac Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology & Critical Care Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3401 Civic Center Blvd., Office 8554, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
Indian J Pediatr. 2023 May;90(5):492-500. doi: 10.1007/s12098-022-04433-4. Epub 2023 Mar 16.
Heart failure is a highly morbid syndrome, recognized as a major cause of adult mortality. Heart failure in pediatric patients, whether in the setting of congenital or acquired heart disease, is similarly associated with high mortality and resource utilization. Understanding the clinical presentation, diagnosis, and initial stabilization of pediatric heart failure is paramount for any acute care clinician as it may mimic common childhood ailments like viral respiratory or gastrointestinal illnesses. Pediatric heart failure occurs in patients with palliated or unpalliated congenital heart disease, familial or acquired cardiomyopathy, acquired valve disease, and myocarditis. This review will focus on heart failure in pediatric patients with structurally normal hearts and will summarize what is known about patterns of presentation, etiologies, diagnostic evaluation, and the acute and chronic management of this highly morbid syndrome.
心力衰竭是一种高度病态的综合征，被认为是成人死亡的主要原因。儿科患者心力衰竭，无论是先天性心脏病还是后天性心脏病，同样与高死亡率和资源利用相关。任何急性护理临床医生都必须了解儿科心力衰竭的临床表现、诊断和初步稳定，因为它可能类似于常见的儿童疾病，如病毒性呼吸道或胃肠道疾病。儿科心力衰竭发生于姑息性或非姑息性先天性心脏病、家族性或获得性心肌病、获得性瓣膜病和心肌炎患者中。本综述将重点关注结构正常心脏的儿科心力衰竭患者，并总结有关其表现模式、病因、诊断评估以及这种高度病态综合征的急性和慢性管理的已知内容。
