Fu Chang, Cui Xuedan, Geng Lei, Cao Fenglin
Department of Health Service and Management, School of Public Health and Management, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China.
Office of Physician Training, Yidu Central Hospital of Weifang, Weifang, Shandong, China.
Front Psychiatry. 2023 Feb 27;14:1037499. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1037499. eCollection 2023.
Inequalities may exist in social and health status among nurses with different employment types. Few studies have investigated the relationship between social support and depressive symptoms among formally employed nurses compared with those in contract-based employment. This study aimed to examine the associations between social support and depressive symptoms among Chinese nurses with different forms of employment.
The present cross-sectional study was performed with 1,892 nurses from 12 tertiary hospitals in Shandong Province, China. The Social Support Rating Scale and the 10-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale were used to measure social support and depressive symptoms, respectively. The association between social support and depressive symptoms among participants was explored using multiple linear regression analysis.
The prevalence of depressive symptoms was 45.7%. The mean score for total social support was 40.16 (SD = 7.47), which was lower than the norms in the general Chinese population. Formally employed participants' total social support scores were statistically significantly higher than those of contract-based employees ( ≤ 0.05). After controlling for confounding factors, the multiple linear regression analysis showed that subjective support and support utilization scores were inversely associated with depressive symptoms. Objective support scores were negatively associated with depressive symptoms only among contract-employment nurses.
Chinese nurses have a higher prevalence of depressive symptoms and lower social support than the Chinese general population. Compared with contract-employment nurses, formally employed nurses had higher social support. Inverse associations exist between social support and depressive symptoms among nurses with different types of employment. It is suggested that improving Chinese nurses' social support levels and reducing their depressive symptoms, especially for nurses employed through contracts, are critical.
不同就业类型的护士在社会和健康状况方面可能存在不平等。与合同制护士相比，很少有研究调查正式编制护士的社会支持与抑郁症状之间的关系。本研究旨在探讨中国不同就业形式护士的社会支持与抑郁症状之间的关联。
本横断面研究对来自中国山东省12家三级医院的1892名护士进行。分别使用社会支持评定量表和流行病学研究中心抑郁量表（10项）来测量社会支持和抑郁症状。采用多元线性回归分析探讨参与者的社会支持与抑郁症状之间的关联。
抑郁症状的患病率为45.7%。社会支持总分的平均分为40.16（标准差=7.47），低于中国普通人群的常模。正式编制参与者的社会支持总分在统计学上显著高于合同制员工（P≤0.05）。在控制混杂因素后，多元线性回归分析显示主观支持和支持利用得分与抑郁症状呈负相关。客观支持得分仅在合同制护士中与抑郁症状呈负相关。
中国护士的抑郁症状患病率高于普通人群，社会支持水平低于普通人群。与合同制护士相比，正式编制护士的社会支持更高。不同就业类型的护士中，社会支持与抑郁症状之间存在负相关。建议提高中国护士的社会支持水平并减轻他们的抑郁症状，尤其是合同制护士，这至关重要。
