Hydrogen Sulfide Signaling in Plants.

Hydrogen sulfide (HS) is a multitasking potent regulator that facilitates plant growth, development, and responses to environmental stimuli. The important beneficial effects of HS in various aspects of plant physiology aroused the interest of this chemical for agriculture. Protein cysteine persulfidation has been recognized as the main reduction-oxidation (redox) regulatory mechanism of HS signaling. An increasing number of studies, including large-scale proteomic analyses and functional characterizations, have revealed that HS-mediated persulfidations directly regulate protein functions, altering downstream signaling in plants. To date, the importance of HS-mediated persulfidation in several abscisic acid signaling-controlling key proteins has been assessed as well as their role in stomatal movements, largely contributing to the understanding of the plant HS-regulatory mechanism. The molecular mechanisms of the HS sensing and transduction in plants remain elusive. The correlations of HS-mediated persulfidation with other oxidative post-translational modifications of cysteines are still to be explored. Implementation of advanced detection approaches for the spatiotemporal monitoring of HS levels in cells and the current proteomic profiling strategies for the identification and quantification of the cysteine site-specific persulfidation will provide insight into the HS signaling in plants. 39, 40-58.