Roberto de Oliveira Paulo, Crapnell Robert D, Garcia-Miranda Ferrari Alejandro, Wuamprakhon Phatsawit, Hurst Nicholas J, Dempsey-Hibbert Nina C, Sawangphruk Montree, Janegitz Bruno Campos, Banks Craig E
Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester Street, M1 5GD, United Kingdom; Laboratory of Sensors, Nanomedicine and Nanostructured Materials, Federal University of São Carlos, Araras, 13600-970, Brazil.
Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester Street, M1 5GD, United Kingdom.
Biosens Bioelectron. 2023 May 15;228:115220. doi: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115220. Epub 2023 Mar 11.
This manuscript presents the design and facile production of screen-printed arrays (SPAs) for the internally validated determination of raised levels of serum procalcitonin (PCT). The screen-printing methodology produced SPAs with six individual working electrodes that exhibit an inter-array reproducibility of 3.64% and 5.51% for the electrochemically active surface area and heterogenous electrochemical rate constant respectively. The SPAs were modified with antibodies specific for the detection of PCT through a facile methodology, where each stage simply uses droplets incubated on the surface, allowing for their mass-production. This platform was used for the detection of PCT, achieving a linear dynamic range between 1 and 10 ng mL with a sensor sensitivity of 1.35 × 10 NIC%/ng mL. The SPA produced an intra- and inter-day %RSD of 4.00 and 5.05%, with a material cost of £1.14. Internally validated human serum results (3 sample measurements, 3 control) for raised levels of PCT (>2 ng mL) were obtained, with no interference effects seen from CRP and IL-6. This SPA platform has the potential to offer clinicians vital information to rapidly begin treatment for "query sepsis" patients while awaiting results from more lengthy remote laboratory testing methods. Analytical ranges tested make this an ideal approach for rapid testing in specific patient populations (such as neonates or critically ill patients) in which PCT ranges are inherently wider. Due to the facile modification methods, we predict this could be used for various analytes on a single array, or the array increased further to maintain the internal validation of the system.
本手稿介绍了用于内部验证血清降钙素原（PCT）水平升高测定的丝网印刷阵列（SPA）的设计和简易生产方法。丝网印刷方法制备的SPA具有六个独立工作电极，其电化学活性表面积和异质电化学速率常数的阵列间重现性分别为3.64%和5.51%。通过一种简便的方法，用特异性检测PCT的抗体对SPA进行修饰，每个步骤只需在表面孵育液滴，便于大规模生产。该平台用于检测PCT，线性动态范围为1至10 ng/mL，传感器灵敏度为1.35×10 NIC%/ng mL。SPA的日内和日间相对标准偏差分别为4.00%和5.05%，材料成本为1.14英镑。获得了PCT水平升高（>2 ng/mL）的内部验证人血清结果（3次样品测量，3次对照），未观察到CRP和IL-6的干扰效应。这个SPA平台有可能为临床医生提供重要信息，以便在等待更耗时的远程实验室检测结果时，迅速开始对“疑似脓毒症”患者进行治疗。所测试的分析范围使其成为在特定患者群体（如新生儿或重症患者）中进行快速检测的理想方法，在这些患者群体中PCT范围本来就更宽。由于修饰方法简便，我们预计这可用于单个阵列上的各种分析物，或者进一步增加阵列以维持系统的内部验证。
