Department of Physics, University of Calabria and National Institute for Nuclear Physics, Gruppo Collegato of Cosenza, Rende, Italy.
Regional Agency for Environmental Protection ARPACal, Catanzaro, Italy.
Environ Monit Assess. 2023 Mar 16;195(4):473. doi: 10.1007/s10661-023-11056-5.
Contamination of terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems by toxic industrial waste has become a major issue in many countries. Of particular concern is the reuse of toxic hazardous waste in construction materials. This paper examined for the first time the chemical and radiation ecotoxicity of site-specific Technological Enhanced Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials (TENORM) residues from phosphate processing industry in soil environmental matrices through bioindicators. The area under investigation was the former industrial district of Crotone (Calabria, Italy), recently included within the Sites of National Interest (SIN), comprising the 42 Italian national priority contaminated sites. Major biological exposure pathways considered were absorption and bioaccumulation. The marine bacterium Vibrio fischeri and the freshwater crustacean Daphnia magna were employed as aquatic bioindicators, while for the soil ecosystem, the seeds of Sorghum saccharatum and Lepidium sativum were used. Selection of test species aimed at assessing the toxicity of wastes in soil as well as in freshwater or marine systems. Results indicated V. fischeri as the most sensitive of all the species tested (5.56 g/L), while D. magna was found to be affected at 94.27 g/L. An overall inhibition was observed in seedling growth as compared to control at the highest concentration of the pollutants (100 g/L), while seed germination was not adversely affected by the pollutant. At this preliminary level, data indicated a potential risk for biodiversity of the area. In fact, the measured toxicity thresholds, even if above 100 mg/L, are comparable to concentrations of the toxicants spread all over the territory of Crotone.
有毒工业废物对陆地和水生生态系统的污染已成为许多国家的一个主要问题。特别令人关注的是将有毒危险废物再用于建筑材料。本文首次通过生物标志物研究了磷加工工业中特定地点产生的技术增强天然放射性物质（TENORM）残留物质在土壤环境基质中的化学和辐射生态毒性。调查的区域是意大利卡拉布里亚的克罗顿（Crotone）前工业区，该地区最近被列入国家利益区（SIN），其中包括 42 个意大利国家优先污染场地。考虑的主要生物暴露途径是吸收和生物积累。海洋细菌发光杆菌（Vibrio fischeri）和淡水甲壳类动物大型溞（Daphnia magna）被用作水生生物指示剂，而对于土壤生态系统，则使用高粱（Sorghum saccharatum）和生菜（Lepidium sativum）的种子。选择测试物种旨在评估废物在土壤以及淡水或海洋系统中的毒性。结果表明，发光杆菌是所有测试物种中最敏感的一种（5.56g/L），而大型溞在 94.27g/L 时受到影响。与对照相比，在最高污染物浓度（100g/L）下，幼苗生长受到全面抑制，而污染物未对种子发芽产生不利影响。在这初步水平上，数据表明该地区的生物多样性存在潜在风险。事实上，即使高于 100mg/L，所测量的毒性阈值与在克罗顿全领土上扩散的有毒物质浓度相当。
