Prentice A, Cole T J, Whitehead R G
MRC Dunn Nutrition Unit, Cambridge, UK.
Hum Nutr Clin Nutr. 1987 Sep;41(5):319-25.
Anthropometric data are presented on 412 rural Gambian infants measured longitudinally from birth to 18 months of age. Maternal parity was shown to exert a marked influence on growth. Firstborn babies had significantly depressed birthweights (parity 1: 2.79 +/- 0.06 kg, n = 62; parities 2-9: 3.05 +/- 0.09 kg, n = 309; P less than 0.001) but catch-up growth was complete by 3 months. In contrast, children born to mothers of very high parity (10 and above) had average birthweights (2.90 +/- 0.07 kg, n = 41) but early growth was poor. At 3 months their weights, mid-upper arm circumferences and triceps skinfolds were significantly below those of other infants (eg, weight-for-age (% NCHS): parities 10+: 90.3 +/- 2.3 per cent; parities 2-9: 97.4 +/- 2.7 per cent; P less than 0.01). Supine length and head circumference were not affected. After 3-6 months all children experienced severe growth retardation reflected in poor weight, length and head circumference gains. No catch-up growth occurred in the high parity group. Consequently, anthropometric differentials set up by 3 months were maintained throughout infancy (eg, weight-for-age at 12 months: parities 10+: 76.4 +/- 1.9 per cent; parities 2-9: 81.5 +/- 2.6 per cent; P less than 0.01). The relationship between these infant growth patterns and maternal lactational performance is discussed.
本文呈现了412名冈比亚农村婴儿从出生到18个月龄的纵向人体测量数据。结果显示，母亲的生育胎次对婴儿生长有显著影响。头胎婴儿出生体重明显偏低（第1胎：2.79±0.06千克，n = 62；第2 - 9胎：3.05±0.09千克，n = 309；P<0.001），但在3个月时实现了追赶生长。相比之下，母亲生育胎次非常高（10胎及以上）的孩子出生体重平均（2.90±0.07千克，n = 41），但早期生长较差。在3个月时，他们的体重、上臂中部周长和三头肌皮褶厚度明显低于其他婴儿（例如，年龄别体重（%NCHS）：第10胎及以上：90.3±2.3%；第2 - 9胎：97.4±2.7%；P<0.01）。仰卧身长和头围未受影响。3 - 6个月后，所有儿童都出现了严重的生长迟缓，表现为体重、身长和头围增长不佳。高胎次组未出现追赶生长。因此，3个月时出现的人体测量差异在整个婴儿期持续存在（例如，12个月时的年龄别体重：第10胎及以上：76.4±1.9%；第2 - 9胎：81.5±2.6%；P<0.01）。本文还讨论了这些婴儿生长模式与母亲泌乳表现之间的关系。
