Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, 2 J. Liivi Street, 50409, Tartu, Estonia.
Mycorrhiza. 2023 Jun;33(3):153-164. doi: 10.1007/s00572-023-01108-6. Epub 2023 Mar 17.
Anthropogenic disturbances play an increasingly important role in structuring the diversity and functioning of soil organisms such as arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi. Frequently, multiple land-use practices, which may represent disturbances for AM fungal communities, operate simultaneously in different habitats. It is not known, however, how previous land-use history and specific habitat type influence AM fungal community response to disturbances. We applied mechanical (cutting to stimulate tillage) and chemical (herbicide addition) disturbances to AM fungal communities from meadow and arable field soils. Our results indicated that AM fungal communities from meadows, which previously had experienced mowing, were more species rich than communities from fields that had experienced intensive land-use practices. There were no significant differences, however, in the responses to disturbance of the AM fungal communities from field and meadow soils. We expected mechanical disturbance to promote taxa from the family Glomeraceae which are expected to exhibit a ruderal life-history strategy; instead, the abundance of this family increased in response to chemical disturbance. Simultaneous application of mechanical disturbance and herbicide decreased only the abundance of Diversisporaceae. No AM fungal families increased in abundance when both mechanical and chemical disturbances were applied simultaneously, but all disturbances increased the abundance of culturable AM fungi. Our study demonstrates that although chemical and mechanical forms of disturbance favor different AM fungal families, existing information about family-level characteristics may not adequately characterize the life history strategies of AM fungus species.
人为干扰在构建土壤生物多样性和功能方面发挥着越来越重要的作用，例如丛枝菌根（AM）真菌。通常，多种土地利用方式（可能代表 AM 真菌群落的干扰）同时在不同生境中进行。然而，尚不清楚先前的土地利用历史和特定生境类型如何影响 AM 真菌群落对干扰的反应。我们对草地和耕地土壤中的 AM 真菌群落施加了机械（切割以刺激耕作）和化学（除草剂添加）干扰。我们的结果表明，先前经历过刈割的草地 AM 真菌群落比经历过集约化土地利用的农田 AM 真菌群落具有更高的物种丰富度。然而，农田和草地土壤的 AM 真菌群落对干扰的反应没有显著差异。我们预计机械干扰会促进 Glomeraceae 家族的分类群，因为它们预计会表现出杂草的生活史策略；相反，该家族的丰度增加了对化学干扰的响应。机械干扰和除草剂同时施加仅降低了 Diversisporaceae 的丰度。当同时施加机械和化学干扰时，没有 AM 真菌家族的丰度增加，但所有干扰都增加了可培养 AM 真菌的丰度。我们的研究表明，尽管化学和机械形式的干扰有利于不同的 AM 真菌家族，但关于家族水平特征的现有信息可能无法充分描述 AM 真菌物种的生活史策略。
