Department of Ophthalmology, Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
Medical Scientist Training Program, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
Nat Commun. 2023 Mar 17;14(1):1492. doi: 10.1038/s41467-023-36955-6.
Visual input to the hypothalamus from intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) influences several functions including circadian entrainment, body temperature, and sleep. ipRGCs also project to nuclei such as the supraoptic nucleus (SON), which is involved in systemic fluid homeostasis, maternal behavior, social behaviors, and appetite. However, little is known about the SON-projecting ipRGCs or their relationship to well-characterized ipRGC subtypes. Using a GlyT2 mouse line, we show a subtype of ipRGCs restricted to the dorsal retina that selectively projects to the SON. These ipRGCs tile a dorsal region of the retina, forming a substrate for encoding ground luminance. Optogenetic activation of their axons demonstrates they release the neurotransmitter glutamate in multiple regions, including the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) and SON. Our results challenge the idea that ipRGC dendrites overlap to optimize photon capture and suggests non-image forming vision operates to sample local regions of the visual field to influence diverse behaviors.
光感受器神经节细胞（ipRGCs）向视交叉上核（SON）等核团投射的视觉输入，影响多种功能，包括昼夜节律同步、体温和睡眠。SON 参与全身液体稳态、母性行为、社交行为和食欲等。然而，对于投射到 SON 的 ipRGC 或其与特征明确的 ipRGC 亚型的关系知之甚少。利用 GlyT2 小鼠品系，我们发现了一种局限于背侧视网膜的 ipRGC 亚型，它选择性地投射到 SON。这些 ipRGC 平铺在视网膜的背侧区域，形成编码地面亮度的基质。光遗传学激活它们的轴突表明，它们在多个区域释放神经递质谷氨酸，包括视交叉上核（SCN）和 SON。我们的结果挑战了 ipRGC 树突重叠以优化光子捕获的观点，并表明非成像视觉运作以采样视野的局部区域来影响多种行为。
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