Gavhane Kishor P, Mishra Anil Kumar, Sarangi Arjamadutta, Singh Dhirendra Kumar, Sudhishri Susama
Division of Agricultural Engineering, ICAR-IARI, New Delhi, 110012, India.
Water Technology Centre, ICAR-IARI, New Delhi, 110012, India.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2023 May;30(22):61682-61709. doi: 10.1007/s11356-023-26289-7. Epub 2023 Mar 18.
Burgeoning population growth and subsequent demand for freshwater, besides competition among irrigation, domestic, and industrial sectors, coupled with a changing climate, have necessitated prudent and effective management of water resources. Rainwater harvesting (RWH) is considered one of the most effective strategies for water management. However, the location and design of RWH structures are essential for proper implementation, operation, and maintenance. An attempt has been made in this study to locate the most suitable site for RWH structure and design using one of the robust multi-criteria decision analysis techniques, viz. analytic hierarchy process, using geospatial tools in the Gambhir watershed, Rajasthan, India. High-resolution Sentinel-2A data and a digital elevation model of the Advanced Land Observation Satellite were used in this study. Five biophysical parameters, viz. land use and land cover, slope, soil texture, surface runoff, and drainage density, were considered to identify suitable locations for RWH structures. It was observed that runoff is the prime factor in determining the location of RWH structures compared to other parameters. It was revealed that 75.54 km (13% of the total area) was very highly suited for the construction of RWH structures, while 114.56 km (19%) was highly suitable. A total of 43.77 km (7%) of land was determined to be unsuitable for the construction of any type of RWH structure. Farm ponds, check dams, and percolation ponds were suggested for the study area. Furthermore, Boolean logic was used to target a particular type of RWH structure. The study indicated that a total of 25 farm ponds, 14 check dams, and 16 percolation ponds can be constructed at identified locations in the watershed. Water resource development maps of the watershed generated using an analytical approach would be useful for policymakers and hydrologists for targeting and implementing RWH structures in the study watershed.
人口的迅速增长以及随之而来的对淡水的需求，再加上灌溉、家庭和工业部门之间的竞争，以及气候变化，使得水资源的审慎有效管理成为必要。雨水收集（RWH）被认为是水资源管理最有效的策略之一。然而，雨水收集结构的选址和设计对于其正确实施、运行和维护至关重要。本研究尝试使用一种强大的多准则决策分析技术，即层次分析法，借助地理空间工具，在印度拉贾斯坦邦甘比尔流域确定雨水收集结构的最合适选址并进行设计。本研究使用了高分辨率的哨兵 - 2A 数据和先进陆地观测卫星的数字高程模型。考虑了五个生物物理参数，即土地利用和土地覆盖、坡度、土壤质地、地表径流和排水密度，以确定雨水收集结构的合适位置。据观察，与其他参数相比，径流是决定雨水收集结构位置的主要因素。结果显示，75.54 公里（占总面积的 13%）非常适合建造雨水收集结构，而 114.56 公里（占 19%）高度适合。总共 43.77 公里（占 7%）的土地被确定不适合建造任何类型的雨水收集结构。建议在研究区域建造农用池塘、拦河坝和渗滤池。此外，使用布尔逻辑来确定特定类型的雨水收集结构。研究表明，在流域内确定的位置总共可以建造 25 个农用池塘、14 个拦河坝和 16 个渗滤池。使用分析方法生成的流域水资源开发地图将有助于政策制定者和水文工作者在研究流域内确定和实施雨水收集结构。
