Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Katolik Widya Mandira, Kupang, Indonesia.
PLoS One. 2023 Jun 7;18(6):e0286061. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0286061. eCollection 2023.
People have used rainwater harvesting (RWH) technology for generations to a considerable extent in semi-arid and arid regions. In addition to meeting domestic needs, this technology can be utilized for agricultural purposes as well as soil and water conservation measures. Modeling the identification of the appropriate pond's location therefore becomes crucial. This study employs a Geo Information System (GIS) based multi-criteria analysis (MCA) approach and satellite rainfall data, Global Satellite Mapping of Precipitation (GSMaP) to determine the suitable locations for the ponds in a semi-arid area of Indonesia, Liliba watershed, Timor. The criteria for determining the location of the reservoir refer to the FAO and Indonesia's small ponds guideline. The watershed's biophysical characteristics and the socioeconomic situation were taken into consideration when selecting the site. According our statistical analysis, the correlation coefficient results of satellite daily precipitation were weak and moderate, but the results were strong and extremely strong for longer time scales (monthly). Our analysis shows that about 13% of the entire stream system is not suitable for ponds, whereas areas that are both good suitability and excellent suitability for ponds make up 24% and 3% of the total stream system. 61% of the locations are partially suited. The results are then verified against simple field observations. Our analysis suggests that there are 13 locations suitable for pond construction. The combination of geospatial data, GIS, a multi-criteria analysis, and a field survey proved effective for the RWH site selection in a semi-arid region with limited data, especially on the first and second order streams.
人们在半干旱和干旱地区已经使用雨水收集（RWH）技术很长时间了，并且在相当大的程度上得到了应用。除了满足国内需求外，这项技术还可以用于农业以及水土保持措施。因此，对适当池塘位置进行建模识别变得至关重要。本研究采用基于地理信息系统（GIS）的多标准分析（MCA）方法和卫星降雨数据，即全球卫星降水制图（GSMaP），以确定印度尼西亚帝汶的 Liliba 流域半干旱地区池塘的合适位置。确定水库位置的标准参考了粮农组织和印度尼西亚小池塘指南。在选择场地时，考虑了流域的生物物理特征和社会经济状况。根据我们的统计分析，卫星每日降水的相关系数结果较弱且中等，但在较长时间尺度（每月）上的结果较强且极强。我们的分析表明，整个溪流系统中约有 13%不适合池塘，而池塘适宜性和优秀适宜性的区域分别占溪流系统总面积的 24%和 3%。61%的位置部分适宜。然后将结果与简单的现场观测进行验证。我们的分析表明，有 13 个位置适合修建池塘。地理空间数据、GIS、多标准分析和实地调查的结合对于在数据有限的半干旱地区进行 RWH 选址非常有效，特别是在一级和二级溪流上。
