Larionova Ekaterina, Garakh Zhanna, Martynova Olga
Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Butlerova 5a, Moscow 117485, Russia.
Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Butlerova 5a, Moscow 117485, Russia.
Acta Psychol (Amst). 2023 May;235:103891. doi: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2023.103891. Epub 2023 Mar 16.
The task being undertaken can influence orthographic, phonological and semantic processes. In linguistic research, two tasks are most often used: a task requiring a decision in relation to the presented word and a passive reading task which does not require a decision regarding the presented word. The results of studies using these different tasks are not always consistent. This study aimed to explore brain responses associated with the process of recognition of spelling errors, as well as the influence of the task on this process. Event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded in 40 adults during an orthographic decision task to determine correctly spelled words and words written with errors that did not change the phonology and during the passive reading. During spelling recognition, the early stages up to 100 ms after the stimulus were automatic and did not depend on the requirements of the task. The amplitude of the N1 component (90-160 ms) was greater in the orthographic decision task, but did not depend on the correct spelling of the word. Late word recognition after 350-500 ms was task dependent, but spelling effects were similar across the two tasks: misspelled words evoked an increase in the amplitude of the N400 component related to lexical and semantic processing regardless of the task. In addition, the orthographic decision task modulated spelling effects, this was reflected in an increase in the amplitude of the P2 component (180-260 ms) for correctly spelled words compared with misspelled words. Thus, our results show that spelling recognition involves general lexico-semantic processes independent of the task. Simultaneously, the orthographic decision task modulates the spelling-specific processes necessary to quickly detect conflicts between orthographic and phonological representations of words in memory.
正在进行的任务会影响正字法、语音和语义处理过程。在语言学研究中，最常使用两种任务：一种是要求对呈现的单词做出判断的任务，另一种是不需要对呈现的单词做出判断的被动阅读任务。使用这些不同任务的研究结果并不总是一致的。本研究旨在探索与拼写错误识别过程相关的大脑反应，以及任务对该过程的影响。在40名成年人进行正字法判断任务（以确定正确拼写的单词和拼写错误但不改变语音的单词）以及被动阅读期间，记录了事件相关电位（ERP）。在拼写识别过程中，刺激后100毫秒内的早期阶段是自动的，不依赖于任务要求。在正字法判断任务中，N1成分（90 - 160毫秒）的波幅更大，但不依赖于单词的正确拼写。350 - 500毫秒后的晚期单词识别依赖于任务，但两种任务中的拼写效应相似：无论任务如何，拼写错误的单词都会引起与词汇和语义处理相关的N400成分波幅增加。此外，正字法判断任务调节了拼写效应，这体现在与拼写错误的单词相比，正确拼写的单词的P2成分（180 - 260毫秒）波幅增加。因此，我们的结果表明，拼写识别涉及独立于任务的一般词汇语义过程。同时，正字法判断任务调节了快速检测记忆中单词的正字法和语音表征之间冲突所需的特定拼写过程。
