饲粮中添加热机械、酶辅助、共加工酵母和豆粕对肉鸡生长性能、器官重量、腿部健康和肠道发育的影响。

Effects of feeding a thermomechanical, enzyme-facilitated, coprocessed yeast and soybean meal on growth performance, organ weights, leg health, and gut development of broiler chickens.

机构信息

Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Grugliasco 10095, Italy.

AB Neo a/s, Videbaek, Denmark.

出版信息

Poult Sci. 2023 May;102(5):102578. doi: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102578. Epub 2023 Feb 11.

DOI:10.1016/j.psj.2023.102578

PMID:36933528

原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10031541/

Abstract

The development of a healthy gut during prestarter and starter phases is crucial to drive chicken's productivity. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of a thermomechanical, enzyme-facilitated, coprocessed yeast and soybean meal (pYSM) on growth performance, organ weights, leg health, and gut development in broiler chickens. A total of 576 as-hatched broiler chicks were randomly allotted to 3 dietary treatments (8 replicates/treatment, 24 chickens/replicate): a control group (C) without the pYSM, a treatment group 1 (T1), in which the pSYM was included at 20, 10, 5, 0, and 0% levels in the prestarter, starter, grower, finisher I, and finisher II feeding phases, respectively, and a treatment group 2 (T2), in which the pSYM was included at 5, 5, 5, 0, and 0% levels in each feeding phase. On d 3 and 10, 16 broilers/treatment were euthanized. The T1 broilers tended to show higher live weight (d 3 and 7) and average daily gain (prestarter and starter phases) than the other groups (P ≤ 0.10). Differently, pYSM-based diets did not influence the growth performance of the other feeding phases and the whole experimental period (P > 0.05). Relative weights of pancreas and liver were also unaffected by pYSM utilization (P > 0.05). Litter quality tended to have higher average scores in C group (P = 0.079), but no differences were observed for leg health (P > 0.05). Histomorphometry of gut, liver, and bursa of Fabricius was not affected by diet (P > 0.05). Gut immunity was driven to an anti-inflammatory pattern, with the reduction of IL-2, INF-γ, and TNF-α in the duodenum of treated birds (d 3, P < 0.05). Also, MUC-2 was greater in the duodenum of C and T2 group when compared to T1 (d 3, P = 0.016). Finally, T1-fed chickens displayed greater aminopeptidase activity in the duodenum (d 3 and 10, P < 0.05) and jejunum (d 3, P < 0.05). Feeding high levels of pYSM (10-20%) to broilers in the first 10 d tended to improve growth performance in the prestarter and starter phases. It also positively downregulated proinflammatory cytokines during the first 3 d, as well as stimulated the aminopeptidase activity in the prestarter and starter periods.

摘要

在预饲期和开食期形成健康的肠道对于推动鸡的生产性能至关重要。本研究旨在评估一种热机械、酶促共加工酵母和大豆粉（pYSM）对肉鸡生长性能、器官重量、腿部健康和肠道发育的影响。将 576 只刚出壳的肉鸡随机分配到 3 种饮食处理组（8 个重复/处理，每个重复 24 只鸡）：对照组（C）不添加 pYSM、处理组 1（T1），pYSM 分别以 20%、10%、5%、0%和 0%的水平添加到预饲期、开食期、生长期、育肥期 I 和育肥期 II 饲养阶段，处理组 2（T2），pYSM 分别以 5%、5%、5%、0%和 0%的水平添加到每个饲养阶段。在第 3 天和第 10 天，每组处死 16 只肉鸡。与其他组相比，T1 组肉鸡在第 3 天和第 7 天的活重和平均日增重（预饲期和开食期）较高（P≤0.10）。然而，基于 pYSM 的日粮对其他饲养阶段和整个实验期的生长性能没有影响（P＞0.05）。胰腺和肝脏的相对重量也不受 pYSM 利用的影响（P＞0.05）。垫料质量在 C 组的平均得分较高（P=0.079），但腿部健康状况没有差异（P＞0.05）。日粮对肠道、肝脏和法氏囊的组织形态学没有影响（P＞0.05）。肠道免疫被诱导为抗炎模式，与处理组鸟类的十二指肠中 IL-2、INF-γ 和 TNF-α 减少（第 3 天，P＜0.05）。此外，与 T1 组相比，C 组和 T2 组的十二指肠中 MUC-2 更高（第 3 天，P=0.016）。最后，T1 组鸡的十二指肠（第 3 天和第 10 天，P＜0.05）和空肠（第 3 天，P＜0.05）的氨基肽酶活性更高。在最初的 10 天内，给肉鸡饲喂高水平的 pYSM（10-20%），可以提高预饲期和开食期的生长性能。它还在最初的 3 天内积极地下调了促炎细胞因子，同时在预饲期和开食期刺激了氨基肽酶的活性。