School of Psychology, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China.
Department of Psychology, Normal College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, People's Republic of China.
J Affect Disord. 2023 Jun 15;331:33-42. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.03.034. Epub 2023 Mar 17.
While increasing research has effectively documented that maladaptive parenting is a significant risk factor for adolescent nonsuicidal self-injury, the process mechanism and gene-by-environment interaction in this relation among Chinese early adolescents are still poorly understood.
In this study, a multi-informant longitudinal design was applied to investigate the indirect effect of internalizing symptoms in the relation between maladaptive parenting and nonsuicidal self-injury, and to examine how FKBP5 gene variation moderates these association. A total of 1718 Chinese Han early adolescents (44.30 % girls; M at Wave 1 = 10.35) and their parents participated this study.
The results showed that maladaptive parenting significantly predicts adolescent nonsuicidal self-injury after six months. Maladaptive parenting was also indirectly related to nonsuicidal self-injury via internalizing symptoms. Moreover, using a cumulative genetic score approach, the results showed that FKBP5 gene variation moderates the predictive effect of maladaptive parenting on internalizing symptoms and also moderates the indirect effect of internalizing symptoms between maladaptive parenting and nonsuicidal self-injury. These effects were more salient among adolescents with high (versus low) FKBP5 gene related cumulative genetic score linked to heightened stress reactivity.
Our study only obtained two waves of data. Three waves of data would be more suitable for examining a mediation model.
This study reveals the process mechanism between maladaptive parenting and nonsuicidal self-injury and highlights the significance of gene-by-environment interaction to explain the emergence of nonsuicidal self-injury among adolescents.
尽管越来越多的研究有效地记录了不良养育方式是青少年非自杀性自伤的一个重要风险因素，但在这一关系中，中国青少年的过程机制和基因-环境相互作用仍知之甚少。
在这项研究中，采用多信息纵向设计来调查内化症状在不良养育方式与非自杀性自伤之间的关系中的间接效应，并检验 FKBP5 基因变异如何调节这些关联。共有 1718 名中国汉族青少年（44.30%为女孩；第 1 波时的平均年龄为 10.35 岁）及其父母参与了这项研究。
结果表明，不良养育方式在六个月后显著预测青少年非自杀性自伤。不良养育方式也通过内化症状与非自杀性自伤间接相关。此外，使用累积遗传评分方法，结果表明 FKBP5 基因变异调节了不良养育方式对内化症状的预测作用，也调节了内化症状在不良养育方式与非自杀性自伤之间的间接作用。这些影响在 FKBP5 基因相关的累积遗传评分较高（与应激反应性增强相关）的青少年中更为明显。
我们的研究仅获得了两波数据。三波数据将更适合检验中介模型。
本研究揭示了不良养育方式与非自杀性自伤之间的过程机制，并强调了基因-环境相互作用对解释青少年非自杀性自伤出现的重要性。
