Liu Changlin, Xiao Xiao, Pi Qiao, Tan Qianbao, Zhan Youlong
Department of Psychology, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, China.
Mental Health Education Center, Hunan First Normal University, Changsha, China.
Front Psychol. 2023 Feb 27;14:1036624. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1036624. eCollection 2023.
Prosocial risky behavior (PRB) proposes that individuals take risks for others' benefits or social welfare, and that this may involve trade-offs between risk and social preferences. However, little is known about the underlying cognitive mechanisms of risk-seeking or aversion during PRB.
This study adopted the dilemma-priming paradigm to examine the interaction between the risk levels of personal cost and situational urgency on PRB (Experiment 1, = 88), and it further uncovered the modulation of the risk levels of failure (Experiment 2, = 65) and peer presence (Experiment 3, = 80) when helping others.
In Experiment 1, the participants involved in risky dilemmas made more altruistic choices for strangers in urgent situations compared to those for strangers in non-urgent situations. However, increasing the risk levels of personal cost decreased the frequencies of help offered to strangers in urgent situations. Experiment 2 further established that, similar to the risk of personal cost, increasing the risk levels of failure when helping others also decreased the frequencies of help offered to strangers in urgent situations. Furthermore, in dilemmas involving a low-risk personal cost, Experiment 3 showed that peer presence encouraged the participants to make more altruistic choices when providing help to strangers in non-urgent situations.
Individuals demonstrate obvious risk-seeking behavior when helping others and that both non-urgent situations and peer presence weaken the effect of increased risk aversion on PRB in a limited manner.
亲社会冒险行为（PRB）表明，个体为了他人利益或社会福利而冒险，这可能涉及风险与社会偏好之间的权衡。然而，对于亲社会冒险行为中寻求风险或规避风险的潜在认知机制，我们知之甚少。
本研究采用两难情境启动范式，考察个人成本风险水平与情境紧迫性对亲社会冒险行为的交互作用（实验1，N = 88），并进一步揭示帮助他人时失败风险水平（实验2，N = 65）和同伴在场（实验3，N = 80）的调节作用。
在实验1中，与非紧急情况下对陌生人的选择相比，处于风险两难情境中的参与者在紧急情况下对陌生人做出了更多利他选择。然而，提高个人成本的风险水平降低了在紧急情况下向陌生人提供帮助的频率。实验2进一步证实，与个人成本风险类似，帮助他人时提高失败风险水平也会降低在紧急情况下向陌生人提供帮助的频率。此外，在涉及低风险个人成本的两难情境中，实验3表明同伴在场会鼓励参与者在非紧急情况下向陌生人提供帮助时做出更多利他选择。
个体在帮助他人时表现出明显的冒险行为，非紧急情况和同伴在场都会在一定程度上削弱风险规避增加对亲社会冒险行为的影响。
