Zhan Youlong, Xiao Xiao, Tan Qianbao, Zhang Shangming, Ou Yangyi, Zhou Haibo, Li Jin, Zhong Yiping
Department of Psychology, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, China.
College of Chengnan, Hunan First Normal University, Changsha, China.
Front Psychol. 2019 Sep 26;10:2194. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02194. eCollection 2019.
Complex moral decision making may share certain cognitive mechanisms with economic decision making under risk situations. However, it is little known how people weigh gains and losses between self and others during moral decision making under risk situations. The current study adopted the dilemma scenario-priming paradigm to examine how self-relevance and reputational concerns influenced moral decision making. Participants were asked to decide whether they were willing to sacrifice their own interests to help the protagonist (friend, acquaintance, or stranger) under the dilemmas of reputational loss risk, while the helping choices, decision times and emotional responses were recorded. In Study 1, participants showed a differential altruistic tendency, indicating that participants took less time to make more helping choices and subsequently reported weaker unpleasant experience toward friends compared to acquaintances and strangers. In Study 2, participants still made these egoistically biased altruistic choices under the low reputational loss risk conditions. However, such an effect was weakened by the high reputational loss risks. Results suggested that moral principle guiding interpersonal moral decision making observed in our study is best described as an egoistically biased altruism, and that reputational concerns can play a key role in restraining selfish tendency.
复杂的道德决策可能与风险情境下的经济决策共享某些认知机制。然而，在风险情境下的道德决策过程中，人们如何权衡自我与他人之间的得失却鲜为人知。本研究采用两难情境启动范式，以考察自我相关性和声誉担忧如何影响道德决策。参与者被要求在声誉受损风险的两难情境下决定是否愿意牺牲自己的利益去帮助主人公（朋友、熟人或陌生人），同时记录下帮助选择、决策时间和情绪反应。在研究1中，参与者表现出不同的利他倾向，表明与熟人及陌生人相比，参与者对朋友做出更多帮助选择的时间更短，随后报告的不愉快体验也更弱。在研究2中，参与者在低声誉受损风险条件下仍做出这些利己偏向的利他选择。然而，这种效应在高声誉受损风险下被削弱。结果表明，我们研究中观察到的指导人际道德决策的道德原则最能被描述为一种利己偏向的利他主义，并且声誉担忧在抑制自私倾向方面可以发挥关键作用。
