Zhang Yuchi, Jia Xiaoyu
Department of Educational Technology, School of Smart Education, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China.
College of Teacher Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.
Front Psychol. 2023 Mar 3;14:1010408. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1010408. eCollection 2023.
Bullying is a major problem worldwide and has numerous detrimental effects on the mental health of victims. The link between bullying and psychological distress in adolescents is well known. However, few studies have analyzed the impact of combined interpersonal, peer, and cultural factors on psychological distress using a social-ecological system framework in Eastern countries. Negotiable fate is a cultural belief common in Eastern societies that suggests that people can negotiate with fate for more control by exercising personal agency within the limits of what fate has determined. This study examined the moderating effects of neuroticism and negotiable fate on the relationship between bullying victimization and psychological distress among Chinese adolescents. Moreover, human society commonly suffers from multiple disasters that lead to severe mental health problems. There are few empirical studies on the effects of bullying among adolescents in multiple disaster contexts. This study included participants who experienced floods and COVID-19 simultaneously in 2021.
We conducted a cross-sectional cluster sampling study from August 6 to 9, 2021, approximately 2 weeks after the start of the Zhengzhou City flooding and 7 days after the new wave of the COVID-19 outbreak in Zhengzhou City. The study included 1,207 participants (52.4% men, = 633; = 14.36, = 0.94) from a middle school in Zhengzhou City, China.
The results revealed that bullying was positively linked to psychological distress ( = 0.5.34, < 0.001, [0.73, 9.95]). Neuroticism and negotiable fate significantly moderated the relationship between the effects of bullying and psychological distress ( = -3.58, < 0.05, 95% CI [-6.12, -1.04]). Specifically, high neuroticism increased the risk of psychological distress in adolescents bullied before a disaster. High or low neuroticism and high negotiable fate buffered the link between bullying and psychological distress.
This study showed that neuroticism and negotiable fate moderated the relationship between bullying victimization and psychological distress in Chinese students with COVID-19 and flood disasters. High negotiable fate and high or low neuroticism could help adolescents bullied in school to be immune from psychological distress in catastrophe. The results highlight the importance of considering the interplay between bullying, neuroticism, and a sense of controllable destiny when examining adolescents' psychological distress.
欺凌是一个全球性的重大问题，对受害者的心理健康有诸多不利影响。欺凌与青少年心理困扰之间的联系众所周知。然而，很少有研究在东方国家使用社会生态系统框架分析人际、同伴和文化因素的综合作用对心理困扰的影响。可协商命运是东方社会常见的一种文化信念，它表明人们可以在命运所决定的范围内通过行使个人能动性与命运协商以获得更多掌控。本研究考察了神经质和可协商命运对中国青少年欺凌受害与心理困扰之间关系的调节作用。此外，人类社会普遍遭受多种灾难，这些灾难会导致严重的心理健康问题。关于多重灾难背景下青少年欺凌影响的实证研究很少。本研究纳入了在2021年同时经历洪水和新冠疫情的参与者。
我们于2021年8月6日至9日进行了一项横断面整群抽样研究，此时距离郑州市洪水开始约2周，距离郑州市新一轮新冠疫情爆发7天。该研究纳入了来自中国郑州市一所中学的1207名参与者（男性占52.4%，n = 633；M = 14.36，SD = 0.94）。
结果显示欺凌与心理困扰呈正相关（β = 0.534，p < 0.001，[0.73, 9.95]）。神经质和可协商命运显著调节了欺凌影响与心理困扰之间的关系（β = -3.58，p < 0.05，95%CI[-6.12, -1.04]）。具体而言，高神经质增加了灾难前受欺凌青少年心理困扰的风险。高或低神经质以及高可协商命运缓冲了欺凌与心理困扰之间的联系。
本研究表明，神经质和可协商命运调节了新冠疫情和洪水灾难背景下中国学生欺凌受害与心理困扰之间的关系。高可协商命运以及高或低神经质有助于在校受欺凌青少年免受灾难中的心理困扰。研究结果凸显了在考察青少年心理困扰时考虑欺凌、神经质和可控命运感之间相互作用 的重要性。
