Genetic Engineering Research Center, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China.
Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Fungal Insecticide, Chongqing, China.
Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2023 Mar 2;13:1140765. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1140765. eCollection 2023.
Dendritic cells (DCs) are crucial for the initiation and regulation of adaptive immune responses. When encountering immune stimulus such as bacterial and viral infection, parasite invasion and dead cell debris, DCs capture antigens, mature, acquire immunostimulatory activity and transmit the immune information to naïve T cells. Then activated cytotoxic CD8 T cells directly kill the infected cells, while CD4 T helper cells release cytokines to aid the activity of other immune cells, and help B cells produce antibodies. Thus, detailed insights into the DC maturation process are necessary for us to understand the working principle of immune system, and develop new medical treatments for infection, cancer and autoimmune disease. This review summarizes the DC maturation process, including environment sensing and antigen sampling by resting DCs, antigen processing and presentation on the cell surface, DC migration, DC-T cell interaction and T cell activation. Application of advanced imaging modalities allows visualization of subcellular and molecular processes in a super-high resolution. The spatiotemporal tracking of DCs position and migration reveals dynamics of DC behavior during infection, shedding novel lights on DC biology.
树突状细胞（DCs）在启动和调节适应性免疫反应中起着至关重要的作用。当遇到免疫刺激物，如细菌和病毒感染、寄生虫入侵和死细胞碎片时，DCs会捕获抗原，成熟，获得免疫刺激活性，并将免疫信息传递给初始 T 细胞。然后，激活的细胞毒性 CD8 T 细胞直接杀死受感染的细胞，而 CD4 辅助性 T 细胞释放细胞因子来辅助其他免疫细胞的活性，并帮助 B 细胞产生抗体。因此，深入了解 DC 成熟过程对于我们理解免疫系统的工作原理以及为感染、癌症和自身免疫性疾病开发新的医疗方法是必要的。本综述总结了 DC 成熟过程，包括静息 DC 对环境的感应和抗原的摄取、抗原的加工和在细胞表面的呈递、DC 的迁移、DC-T 细胞的相互作用和 T 细胞的激活。先进的成像模式的应用使得亚细胞和分子过程的可视化达到了超高分辨率。对 DC 位置和迁移的时空追踪揭示了感染过程中 DC 行为的动态，为 DC 生物学提供了新的视角。
