Department of Ophthalmology, Al Zahraa Medical College, University of Basrah, Basrah, Iraq.
Department of Ophthalmology, Basrah Teaching Hospital, Basrah, Iraq.
J Med Life. 2023 Feb;16(2):299-306. doi: 10.25122/jml-2022-0170.
This study aimed to measure the prevalence and risk factors of diabetic retinopathy (DR) among patients with diabetes mellitus aged 20 to 82 years attending the Faiha Diabetes, Endocrine, and Metabolism Center (FDEMC) in Basrah. A cross-sectional study was conducted at FDEMC, including 1542 participants aged 20 to 82 from January 2019 to December 2019. Both eyes were examined for evidence of DR by a mobile nonmydriatic camera, and statistical analysis was performed to measure the prevalence rates (95% CI) for patients with different characteristics. The mean age of participants was 35.9, with 689 males (44.7%; 95% CI: 42.2-47.2%) and 853 females (55.3%; 95% CI: 52.8-57.8%). The prevalence rate of DR was 30.5% (95% CI: 28.1-32.8%), and 11.27% of cases were proliferative retinopathy. DR significantly increased with age (p-value=0.000), it was higher in females (p-value=0.005), and significantly increased with a longer duration of diabetes (p-value<0.001), hyperglycemia (p-value<0.001), hypertension (p-value=0.004), dyslipidemia (p-value<0.001), nephropathy (p-value<0.001) and smoking (p-value<0.001). There was no statistical association between DR and the type of diabetes or obesity. One-third of the participants in this study had DR. Screening and early detection of DR using a simple tool such as a digital camera should be a priority to improve a person's health status.
本研究旨在测量在巴士拉 Faiha 糖尿病、内分泌和代谢中心（FDEMC）就诊的 20 至 82 岁糖尿病患者中糖尿病视网膜病变（DR）的患病率和危险因素。这是一项在 FDEMC 进行的横断面研究，纳入了 1999 年 1 月至 12 月的 1542 名 20 至 82 岁的参与者。使用移动非散瞳相机检查双眼是否存在 DR 证据，并进行统计分析以测量具有不同特征的患者的患病率（95%CI）。参与者的平均年龄为 35.9 岁，男性 689 人（44.7%；95%CI：42.2-47.2%），女性 853 人（55.3%；95%CI：52.8-57.8%）。DR 的患病率为 30.5%（95%CI：28.1-32.8%），其中 11.27%的病例为增殖性视网膜病变。DR 随年龄增长而显著增加（p 值=0.000），女性中更高（p 值=0.005），并且与糖尿病病程较长（p 值<0.001）、高血糖（p 值<0.001）、高血压（p 值=0.004）、血脂异常（p 值<0.001）、肾病（p 值<0.001）和吸烟（p 值<0.001）显著相关。DR 与糖尿病类型或肥胖之间无统计学关联。本研究中三分之一的参与者患有 DR。使用数码相机等简单工具筛查和早期发现 DR，应优先考虑提高个人的健康状况。
