Gallagher A, Henderson W, Abraira C
Endocrinology-Diabetes Section, Hines VA Hospital, IL 60141.
J Am Coll Nutr. 1987 Dec;6(6):525-32. doi: 10.1080/07315724.1987.10720212.
In a prospective, single blind study, 51 adult diabetic, male outpatients at or below ideal body weight (IBW), all but four of whom were insulin-treated, were randomly assigned to a calorically defined exchange diet (EXCH) or an unmeasured diet avoiding refined sugars (UNMEAS). Fasting chemistries, weights and 48-hr dietary recalls were obtained every 3 months for 3 years. There was no difference between groups in mean body weight, mean caloric intake, percentages of carbohydrate or fat intake, day to day consistency of caloric intake, or fasting chemistries. The patients whose actual weight tended to be less than IBW consumed more calories than their theoretical calculated needs (p = 0.002) without effect on glycemic control or stability of weight. Patients with low carbohydrate intake (less than 30%) had significantly higher triglyceride levels (p = 0.015). Otherwise, variations in dietary patterns were not reflected in fasting clinical chemistries. Individual fasting serum glucose levels were not related to consistency of carbohydrate intake, caloric distribution throughout the day or composition of diets. These results suggest that actual dietary patterns of subjects following exchange diabetic diets with precise caloric prescriptions are similar to those resulting from unmeasured diets with restriction of simple sugars. Other than correlation between carbohydrate intake and triglycerides, there was no detectable effect of variations in dietary patterns upon conventional chemical metabolic levels.
在一项前瞻性单盲研究中，51名体重处于或低于理想体重（IBW）的成年男性糖尿病门诊患者被随机分配到热量确定的交换饮食组（EXCH）或避免精制糖的非定量饮食组（UNMEAS），其中除4人外均接受胰岛素治疗。在3年时间里，每3个月获取一次空腹生化指标、体重及48小时饮食回顾。两组在平均体重、平均热量摄入、碳水化合物或脂肪摄入百分比、每日热量摄入的一致性或空腹生化指标方面均无差异。实际体重倾向于低于理想体重的患者摄入的热量高于其理论计算需求量（p = 0.002），但对血糖控制或体重稳定性无影响。碳水化合物摄入量低（低于30%）的患者甘油三酯水平显著更高（p = 0.015）。否则，饮食模式的变化未在空腹临床生化指标中体现出来。个体空腹血糖水平与碳水化合物摄入的一致性、全天热量分布或饮食组成无关。这些结果表明，遵循精确热量处方的交换糖尿病饮食的受试者的实际饮食模式与限制单糖的非定量饮食所产生的模式相似。除了碳水化合物摄入与甘油三酯之间的相关性外，饮食模式的变化对传统化学代谢水平没有可检测到的影响。
