Staphyloma and other risk factors in axial myopia.

Posterior staphyloma, associated exclusively with axial myopia, is progressive and often results in visual loss. Five types of primary staphyloma have been described anatomically and in terms of sequelae. Mechanical and physiological factors in axial myopia can lead to potentially sight-threatening abnormalities which affect central or peripheral vision. Some are easily detectable while others require a thorough evaluation of the peripheral retina. This report consists of a review of fundus changes associated with axial myopia, the types of staphyloma, and a case report. Emphasis is placed on identification and management of patients at risk from the sequelae of axial myopia.