Volkan V D
Division of Psychoanalytic Studies, University of Virginia Medical School, Charlottesville.
J Am Psychoanal Assoc. 1987;35(4):903-35. doi: 10.1177/000306518703500406.
There are two phases in the process of negotiating for peace with antagonistic national groups. The leader (or leaders) of one such group will not negotiate with his opposite number until political foundations to support such negotiation are laid down, and obstacles to peace identified and dealt with; at least some measure of success is anticipated by both sides. Accordingly, the first phase requires the building of bridges between those representing opposing nations. The activities in this preliminary phase are sometimes called Track II diplomacy; they differ from those of official or Track I diplomacy. I suggest two kinds of concepts that may be useful in Track II diplomacy, and present them in the hope of initiating further discussion, and exploration of metapsychological underpinnings of each concept. As Mitscherlich (1971) suggested, the psychology of international politics may be better understood if psychoanalysts are willing to engage in interdisciplinary work with others engaged in such endeavors.
与敌对民族团体进行和平谈判的过程有两个阶段。在为这种谈判奠定政治基础、确定并处理和平的障碍、双方至少预期会取得一定程度的成功之前，一个这样的团体的领导人（或多位领导人）不会与对方进行谈判。因此，第一阶段需要在代表对立国家的各方之间搭建桥梁。这个初步阶段的活动有时被称为第二轨道外交；它们不同于官方的或第一轨道外交的活动。我提出两种可能在第二轨道外交中有用的概念，并将其呈现出来，以期引发进一步的讨论，并探索每个概念的元心理学基础。正如米切尔利希（1971年）所建议的，如果精神分析学家愿意与从事此类工作的其他人开展跨学科合作，国际政治心理学可能会得到更好的理解。
