Tokey Ahmad Ilderim, Shioma Shefa Arabia, Uddin Muhammad Salaha
Department of Geography, The Ohio State University Address: 281 West Lane Ave, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
Transportation Planner, California Department of Transportation (CALTRANS), Sacramento, CA 94273, USA.
Heliyon. 2023 Feb 24;9(3):e14076. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14076. eCollection 2023 Mar.
Built environment (BE) has a well-documented impact on non-motorist crashes. Interestingly, the urban-rural distinction of the impacts received scant attention in the literature. Moreover, the combined effect of these elements are less studied than their standalone effects.
This study explores the combined effectiveness of built environment-based safety measures in urban and rural settings.
The study uses nine years (2011-2019) of non-motorist (pedestrian and bicyclist) crash data in Florida. It classifies urban and rural areas with the multivariate clustering method and models the crash count with Log-transformed Spatial Error Models.
Findings suggest that urban areas, tracts with low median income, a lower percentage of senior citizens, and a higher percentage of black, white, and Hispanic people are significantly associated with a high number of nonmotorist crashes. The percentage of pedestrian and bicyclist commuters is positively associated with pedestrian and bicycle crash count, respectively. Among BE variables, more crashes are observed in tracts with more commercial land use (LU), less recreational LU, higher LU mix, more traffic, signalized intersection, transit stops, and sidewalks. Having more traffic and fewer transit stops pose lesser risk in urban areas than rural areas. The combined effects suggest that increasing commercial LU where LU entropy is high (or vice-versa) will help to reduce nonmotorist crashes. Also, in high entropy areas, increasing rural traffic is riskier whereas increasing urban traffic is safer.
This paper documents the need of considering urban-rural differences and interaction effects among BE elements for nonmotorist safety.
建筑环境（BE）对非机动车碰撞事故有着充分记载的影响。有趣的是，文献中很少关注这种影响的城乡差异。此外，与这些因素的单独影响相比，它们的综合影响研究较少。
本研究探讨基于建筑环境的安全措施在城市和农村环境中的综合有效性。
该研究使用了佛罗里达州九年（2011 - 2019年）的非机动车（行人和骑自行车者）碰撞事故数据。它采用多元聚类方法对城乡区域进行分类，并使用对数变换空间误差模型对碰撞事故数量进行建模。
研究结果表明，城市地区、中等收入中位数较低的区域、老年人比例较低以及黑种人、白种人和西班牙裔人口比例较高的区域与大量非机动车碰撞事故显著相关。步行和骑自行车通勤者的比例分别与行人和自行车碰撞事故数量呈正相关。在建筑环境变量中，在商业用地（LU）较多、休闲用地较少、土地利用混合度较高、交通量较大、有信号灯控制的十字路口、公交站点和人行道的区域观察到更多的碰撞事故。交通量较大且公交站点较少在城市地区比在农村地区带来的风险更小。综合影响表明，在土地利用熵较高的地方增加商业用地（反之亦然）将有助于减少非机动车碰撞事故。此外，在高熵地区，增加农村交通量风险更大，而增加城市交通量则更安全。
本文记录了在考虑非机动车安全时需要考虑城乡差异以及建筑环境因素之间的相互作用影响。
