当前胎儿酒精谱系障碍的相关考虑：从识别到干预。
Current considerations for fetal alcohol spectrum disorders: identification to intervention.
机构信息
Center for Behavioral Teratology, Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA.
University of California, Los Angeles, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
出版信息
Curr Opin Psychiatry. 2023 May 1;36(3):249-256. doi: 10.1097/YCO.0000000000000862. Epub 2023 Mar 2.
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
This review highlights recent findings regarding the prevalence, public health impact, clinical presentation, intervention access and conceptualization of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASDs). Despite ongoing work in prevention and identification of this population, the rates of drinking during pregnancy have increased and significant gaps remain in diagnosis and intervention.
RECENT FINDINGS
Prenatal alcohol exposure is the most common preventable cause of developmental disability in the world. Research has focused on improving diagnostic clarity, utilizing technology and neuroimaging to facilitate identification, engaging broader stakeholders (including self-advocates) to inform understanding and needs, and increasing access to effective interventions. There is an emerging focus on developmental trajectories and experiences in young and middle adulthood. Public policy advocacy has also made great strides in recent years.
SUMMARY
Increases in public awareness, greater concordance of diagnostic schema, leveraged use of novel technology, and the development of targeted interventions within a holistic, strengths-based conceptualization are important considerations for this population.
目的综述
本文重点介绍了胎儿酒精谱系障碍（FASD）的流行率、公共卫生影响、临床表现、干预措施的可及性和概念化方面的最新研究发现。尽管在预防和识别这一人群方面一直在努力，但怀孕期间的饮酒率仍在上升，在诊断和干预方面仍存在显著差距。
最近的发现
产前酒精暴露是世界上最常见的可预防的发育障碍原因。研究的重点是提高诊断清晰度，利用技术和神经影像学来促进识别，让更广泛的利益相关者（包括自我倡导者）参与以了解需求，并增加获得有效干预措施的机会。人们越来越关注年轻人和中年人的发展轨迹和经历。近年来，公共政策宣传也取得了重大进展。
总结
提高公众意识、提高诊断模式的一致性、巧妙利用新技术以及在整体的、基于优势的概念框架内开发针对性的干预措施，是这一人群的重要考虑因素。
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