1Columbia University School of Nursing, New York, NY, USA.
2Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
J Behav Addict. 2023 Mar 20;12(1):80-93. doi: 10.1556/2006.2023.00006. Print 2023 Mar 30.
About 1/3 of youth spend more than four hours/day engaged in screen media activity (SMA). This investigation utilized longitudinal brain imaging and mediation analyses to examine relationships among SMA, brain patterns, and internalizing problems.
Data from Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) participants with baseline and two-year follow-up structural imaging data that passed quality control (N = 5,166; 2,385 girls) were analyzed. Joint and Individual Variation Explained (JIVE) identified a brain co-development pattern among 221 brain features (i.e., differences in surface area, thickness, or cortical and subcortical gray-matter volume between baseline and two-year-follow-up data). Generalized linear mixed-effect models investigated associations between baseline SMA, structural co-development and internalizing and externalizing psychopathology at two-year follow-up.
SMA at baseline was related to internalizing psychopathology at year 2 (β=0.020,SE=0.008,P=0.014) and a structural co-development pattern (β=0.015,SE=0.007,P=0.029), where the co-development pattern suggested that rates of change in gray-matter volumes of the brainstem, gray-matter volumes and/or cortical thickness measures of bilateral superior frontal, rostral middle frontal, inferior parietal, and inferior temporal regions were more similar than those in other regions. This component partially mediated the relationship between baseline SMA and future internalizing problems (indirect effect = 0.020, P-value = 0.043, proportion mediated: 2.24%).
Greater youth engagement in SMA at ages 9-10 years statistically predicted higher levels of internalizing two years later. This association was mediated by cortical-brainstem circuitry, albeit with relatively small effect sizes. The findings may help delineate processes contributing to internalizing behaviors and assist in identifying individuals at greater risk for such problems.
大约有 1/3 的年轻人每天花费超过 4 小时从事屏幕媒体活动（SMA）。本研究利用纵向脑成像和中介分析来研究 SMA、大脑模式和内化问题之间的关系。
利用通过质量控制的青少年大脑认知发育（ABCD）参与者的基线和两年随访结构成像数据（N=5166；2385 名女孩）进行分析。联合和个体变异解释（JIVE）在 221 个脑特征（即，基线和两年随访数据之间的表面积、厚度或皮质和皮质下灰质体积差异）中确定了一个大脑共同发育模式。广义线性混合效应模型调查了基线 SMA、结构共同发育与两年随访时内化和外化精神病理学之间的关联。
基线 SMA 与第二年的内化精神病理学相关（β=0.020，SE=0.008，P=0.014）和结构共同发育模式（β=0.015，SE=0.007，P=0.029），其中共同发育模式表明脑干灰质体积、双侧额上回、额中回、顶下回和颞下回的灰质体积和/或皮质厚度测量的变化率比其他区域更相似。该成分部分介导了基线 SMA 与未来内化问题之间的关系（间接效应=0.020，P 值=0.043，介导比例：2.24%）。
9-10 岁时青少年对 SMA 的参与度越高，两年后内化水平越高。这种关联是由皮质-脑干电路介导的，尽管效应量相对较小。这些发现可能有助于描绘导致内化行为的过程，并有助于识别具有更大风险的个体。
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