J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs. 2023 May;52(3):223-234. doi: 10.1016/j.jogn.2023.02.002. Epub 2023 Mar 17.
To compare the effect of a 3D-printed model versus 3D printed pictures on maternal- and paternal-fetal attachment, pregnancy-related anxiety, and depression in parents in the third trimester.
Randomized controlled trial.
University- and clinic-affiliated hospital system.
Between August 2020 and July 2021, we screened 419 women for eligibility. A total of 184 participants (n = 95 women and n = 89 men) were included in the intention-to-treat analysis, of whom 47 women and 44 men received the 3D-printed model, whereas 48 women and 45 men received the 3D printed picture.
Participants completed a set of questionnaires before they received third trimester 3D ultrasonography and a second set of questionnaires approximately 14 days after the study ultrasonography. The primary outcome was the global Maternal and Paternal Antenatal Attachment scale scores. Secondary outcomes included the Maternal and Paternal Antenatal Attachment subscale scores, global Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 scores, global Patient Health Questionnaire-9 scores, and global Pregnancy-Related Anxiety Questionnaire-Revised (second version) scores. We used multilevel models to estimate the effect of the intervention.
We found a statistically significant increase in mean attachment scores after the 3D printed picture and 3D-printed model intervention of 0.26, 95% confidence interval (CI) [0.22, 0.31], p < .001. Additionally, we found statistically significant improvement in depression (mean change = -1.08, 95% CI [-1.54, -0.62], p < .001), generalized anxiety (mean change = -1.38, 95% CI [-1.87, -0.89], p < .001), and pregnancy-related anxiety (mean change = -2.92, 95% CI [-4.11, -1.72], p < .001) scores. We found no statistically significant between-group differences related to maternal or paternal attachment, anxiety, depression, or pregnancy-related anxiety.
Our findings support the use of 3D printed pictures and 3D-printed models to improve prenatal attachment, anxiety, depression, and pregnancy-related anxiety.
比较 3D 打印模型与 3D 打印图片对孕晚期父母母婴胎儿依恋、妊娠相关焦虑和抑郁的影响。
随机对照试验。
大学和诊所附属医院系统。
在 2020 年 8 月至 2021 年 7 月期间，我们对 419 名女性进行了资格筛选。共有 184 名参与者（n=95 名女性和 n=89 名男性）纳入意向治疗分析，其中 47 名女性和 44 名男性接受了 3D 打印模型，而 48 名女性和 45 名男性接受了 3D 打印图片。
参与者在接受孕晚期 3D 超声检查前完成了一组问卷，然后在研究超声检查后大约 14 天完成了另一组问卷。主要结局是全球母婴产前依恋量表评分。次要结局包括母婴产前依恋分量表评分、一般焦虑障碍 7 项评分、患者健康问卷 9 项评分和妊娠相关焦虑问卷修订版（第二版）评分。我们使用多层次模型来估计干预的效果。
我们发现，在接受 3D 打印图片和 3D 打印模型干预后，平均依恋评分分别增加了 0.26，95%置信区间（CI）[0.22, 0.31]，p<0.001。此外，我们发现抑郁（平均变化=-1.08，95%CI[-1.54, -0.62]，p<0.001）、广泛性焦虑（平均变化=-1.38，95%CI[-1.87, -0.89]，p<0.001）和妊娠相关焦虑（平均变化=-2.92，95%CI[-4.11, -1.72]，p<0.001）评分均有统计学意义的改善。我们没有发现与母婴或父子依恋、焦虑、抑郁或妊娠相关焦虑相关的组间差异有统计学意义。
我们的研究结果支持使用 3D 打印图片和 3D 打印模型来改善产前依恋、焦虑、抑郁和妊娠相关焦虑。
