McGraw K M, Bloomfied J
Department of Political Science, State University of New York at Stony Brook 11794.
J Pers Soc Psychol. 1987 Dec;53(6):1080-7. doi: 10.1037//0022-3514.53.6.1080.
In this study, we examined the effects of moral reasoning level and sex role orientation on social influence in group decision making. We predicted that these two individual difference constructs would have an interactive effect such that people who are compatible or nonconflicted on the two dimensions would have more influence on a group task with moral implications than would people who are conflicted. All subjects individually completed a distributive decision task that required ranking terminally ill patients for access to a life-saving kidney machine. They then met in small groups and reached a group decision on the same task. The subjects' moral reasoning level and sex role orientation--assessed via the Rest Defining Issues Test (Rest, 1979) and the Bem Sex Role Inventory (Bem, 1974), respectively--were used to predict influence on the group decision. Influence was measured in three ways: similarity between individual and group ranks, self-rated influence, and selection of the most influential group member. The results of all three influence measures provided support for the interactive hypothesis. In the discussion we consider the implications of the data for individual difference models of moral reasoning, the need for further understanding of goal competition and personality conflict, and the importance of considering the impact of moral factors on group decision-making proceses.
在本研究中，我们考察了道德推理水平和性别角色取向对群体决策中社会影响的作用。我们预测，这两个个体差异结构会产生交互效应，即与在这两个维度上不兼容或存在冲突的人相比，在这两个维度上兼容或不存在冲突的人对具有道德含义的群体任务会产生更大的影响。所有受试者分别完成了一项分配决策任务，该任务要求对晚期肾病患者使用救命肾脏机器的机会进行排序。然后，他们分成小组，就同一任务达成群体决策。受试者的道德推理水平和性别角色取向——分别通过雷斯特界定问题测验（雷斯特，1979年）和贝姆性别角色量表（贝姆，1974年）进行评估——被用来预测对群体决策的影响。影响通过三种方式进行衡量：个体排名与群体排名的相似性、自我评定的影响力，以及选出最具影响力的群体成员。所有这三种影响力衡量方式的结果都为交互作用假说提供了支持。在讨论中，我们考虑了这些数据对道德推理个体差异模型的意义、进一步理解目标竞争和人格冲突的必要性，以及考虑道德因素对群体决策过程影响的重要性。
