Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, P.O. Box 13736, Moshtohor, Toukh, Kalubia, Egypt.
Mechanical Engineering Department, Engineering Research Division, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt.
Sci Rep. 2023 Mar 21;13(1):4606. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-31794-3.
Energy scarcity and conventional energy problems are the main reason of finding a renewable source of energy which is cheap and environmental friendly, therefore, biodiesel production is one of the most promising solutions of this problem. Also, Egyptian castor is one of the most important crops for oil production compared with other commonly used oil crops. The main aim of this study is to enhance the production of bio-oil from Egyptian castor seeds by using microwave and ultrasonic as pre-treatments. To achieve that, the effects of extraction screw speed (20, 40 and 60 rpm) and temperature (100, 150, 200 and 250 °C) on oil extraction yield and quality, extraction energy requirements and extraction time and were studied. Also, the effect of pretreatment conditions of microwave at three levels of power (Low, Med and High) and different times (1, 2 and 3 min) and pretreatment condition ultrasonic with different temperatures (40, 60 and 80 °C) and different times (15, 30 and 45 min) for castor seeds before extraction with the optimum condition of the screw press on oil extraction yield from castor seeds, extraction energy, extraction time and quality of the oil extracted. The results indicate that the optimum conditions oil extraction by screw press were 200 °C extraction temperature and 60 rpm screw speed. It could be seen that the extraction oil yield, extraction energy requirements and extraction time were 35.59%, 18.68 and 1.86 min, respectively. Microwave pretreatments had better on oil yield and energy required for extraction compared to ultrasonic pretreatments, where, microwave pretreatments recorded high oil yield and lower energy requirements compared to the ultrasonic pretreatments. Oil yield ranged from 32.67 to 37.41% compared to 13.29 to 39.83% in literature. The time required for extraction was ranged from 1.77 to 2.00 and 1.79 to 2.21 min for microwave and ultrasonic pretreatments, respectively. The pretreatment improved properties of the extracted oil.
能源短缺和传统能源问题是寻找廉价且环保的可再生能源的主要原因，因此，生物柴油的生产是解决这一问题最有前途的方法之一。此外，与其他常用的油料作物相比，埃及蓖麻是生产油料的最重要作物之一。本研究的主要目的是通过使用微波和超声波预处理来提高从埃及蓖麻种子中生产生物油的产量。为此，研究了提取螺杆速度（20、40 和 60 rpm）和温度（100、150、200 和 250°C）对油提取产率和质量、提取能量需求以及提取时间的影响。此外，还研究了微波预处理条件（低、中、高三个功率水平）和不同时间（1、2 和 3 分钟）以及超声波预处理条件（40、60 和 80°C）和不同时间（15、30 和 45 分钟）对螺杆压榨前提取蓖麻种子的产油率、提取能量、提取时间和提取油质量的影响。结果表明，螺杆压榨的最佳油提取条件为 200°C 的提取温度和 60rpm 的螺杆速度。可以看出，提取油产率、提取能量需求和提取时间分别为 35.59%、18.68%和 1.86 分钟。与超声波预处理相比，微波预处理对产油率和提取所需能量有更好的效果，其中，微波预处理的产油率较高，所需能量较低。与文献中的 13.29%至 39.83%相比，产油率范围为 32.67%至 37.41%。微波和超声波预处理的提取时间分别为 1.77 至 2.00 分钟和 1.79 至 2.21 分钟。预处理提高了提取油的性能。
