Bakhshabadi Hamid, Mirzaei HabibOllah, Ghodsvali Alireza, Jafari Seid Mahdi, Ziaiifar Aman Mohammad
Department of Food Materials and Process Design Engineering Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources Gorgan Iran.
Agricultural Engineering Research Department Golestan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center AREEO Gorgan Iran.
Food Sci Nutr. 2017 Nov 20;6(1):111-118. doi: 10.1002/fsn3.535. eCollection 2018 Jan.
Application of novel technologies such as microwave and pulsed electric fields (PEF) might increase the speed and efficiency of oil extraction. In the present research, PEF (3.25 kV/cm electric field intensity and 30 pulse number) and microwave (540 W for 180 s) pretreatments were used to study the process of oil extraction from black cumin () seeds. After applying the selected pretreatments, the oil of seeds was extracted with the use of a screw press and the extraction efficiency, refractive index, oil density, color index, oxidative stability, and chemical components of oil and protein of meal were evaluated. The achieved results expressed that PEF and microwave pretreatments increased the oil extraction efficiency and its oxidative stability. Different pretreatments didn't have any significant influence on the refractive index of black cumin seed oil (>.05). When microwave and PEF were used, the oil density showed an enhancement as the following: 1.51% and 0.96%, respectively in comparison with the samples with no pretreatments. Evaluation of the extracted oils, using GC/MS analysis indicated that thymoquinone was the dominant phenolic component in the black cumin oil. Finally, the SEM analysis revealed that microwave and PEF can be useful in the extraction of oil from black cumin seeds since these treatments damaged cell walls and facilitated the oil extraction process.
微波和脉冲电场（PEF）等新技术的应用可能会提高油脂提取的速度和效率。在本研究中，采用PEF（电场强度3.25 kV/cm，脉冲数30）和微波（540 W，持续180 s）预处理来研究黑种草籽的油脂提取过程。在进行选定的预处理后，使用螺旋压榨机提取种子中的油脂，并对提取效率、折射率、油密度、颜色指数、氧化稳定性以及粕中油脂和蛋白质的化学成分进行评估。所获得的结果表明，PEF和微波预处理提高了油脂提取效率及其氧化稳定性。不同预处理对黑种草籽油的折射率没有显著影响（P>0.05）。当使用微波和PEF时，油密度分别比未预处理的样品提高了1.51%和0.96%。使用气相色谱/质谱联用（GC/MS）分析对提取的油脂进行评估表明，百里醌是黑种草籽油中的主要酚类成分。最后，扫描电子显微镜（SEM）分析表明，微波和PEF可用于从黑种草籽中提取油脂，因为这些处理破坏了细胞壁并促进了油脂提取过程。
