Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
Department of Knowledge Brokers, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.
Ann Med. 2023 Dec;55(1):1123-1133. doi: 10.1080/07853890.2023.2186478.
We studied the association between participation in the longitudinal follow-up study and cardiometabolic disorders in two longitudinal studies which started prospectively in the antenatal period: the Northern Finland Cohort 1966 (NFBC1966) and the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1986 (NFBC1986). Both birth cohorts have been followed up since birth with multiple follow-ups including questionnaires, and clinical examinations.
The NFBC studies were compared to comparison cohorts of individuals who were born in the same area as the study cohorts, but in different years. The data for the comparison cohort were obtained from registers. The cumulative incidence rates of hospital-treated cardiometabolic disorders were calculated for study and comparison cohorts covering the age of 7-50 years in NFBC1966 and the age of 0-29 years in NFBC1986. Cardiometabolic-related causes of death were analysed in NFBC1966 and the comparison cohort from the age of 0-50 years. The analysed cardiometabolic disorders were diabetes mellitus, coronary artery disease, hyperlipidaemia, obesity, hypertension, and cerebrovascular disorders. The risk ratio (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) was calculated by sex.
In NFBC1966, no differences in cumulative incidences of cardiometabolic disorders or cardiometabolic-related deaths compared to the comparison cohort were found. Male members of NFBC1986 had decreased risk of obesity (RR: 0.45, 95% CI: 0.27-0.75) and any cardiometabolic disorders (RR: 0.75, 95% CI: 0.59-0.95) compared to the comparison cohort.
The results suggest that participation in the NFBC1986 may have a weak positive health effect among men. Agreement to follow-up studies focusing on diet, substance use, and physical activity, may slightly decrease the incident risk of cardiometabolic disorders in the study population.KEY MESSAGESEven mild interventions, such as follow-up studies in the prospective follow-up studies, might affect participants' behaviour and consequently the incidence of cardiometabolic disordersThe fact that follow-up itself might affect the study population in terms of risk factors, has to be taken into account when estimating the representativeness of the followed population.
我们研究了在两个前瞻性的产前期开始的纵向研究中，参与纵向随访研究与心血管代谢疾病之间的关联：芬兰北部 1966 年队列研究（NFBC1966）和芬兰北部出生队列研究 1986 年（NFBC1986）。这两个出生队列自出生以来一直通过多次随访进行跟踪，包括问卷调查和临床检查。
将 NFBC 研究与出生在与研究队列相同地区但不同年份的个体的对照队列进行比较。比较队列的数据来自登记处。计算了 NFBC1966 研究和对照队列的累积发病率，涵盖了年龄在 7-50 岁的人群，而 NFBC1986 年龄为 0-29 岁。NFBC1966 和对照队列分析了与心血管代谢相关的死因，年龄在 0-50 岁。分析的心血管代谢疾病包括糖尿病、冠心病、高脂血症、肥胖、高血压和脑血管疾病。按性别计算风险比（RR）和 95%置信区间（CI）。
在 NFBC1966 中，与对照队列相比，心血管代谢疾病或心血管代谢相关死亡的累积发生率没有差异。与对照队列相比，NFBC1986 的男性成员肥胖（RR：0.45，95%CI：0.27-0.75）和任何心血管代谢疾病（RR：0.75，95%CI：0.59-0.95）的风险降低。
结果表明，参与 NFBC1986 可能对男性有微弱的积极健康影响。同意参与以饮食、物质使用和体力活动为重点的随访研究可能会略微降低研究人群中心血管代谢疾病的发病风险。
即使是轻微的干预，如前瞻性随访研究中的随访研究，也可能影响参与者的行为，从而影响心血管代谢疾病的发病率。随访本身可能会影响研究人群的风险因素，这在估计随访人群的代表性时必须考虑到。
