Giuliani Claudia, Bottoni Martina, Santagostini Laura, Spada Alberto, Papini Alessio, Milani Fabrizia, Fico Gelsomina
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133, Milan, Italy.
Ghirardi Botanic Garden, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Via Religione 25, 25088 Toscolano Maderno, Brescia, Italy.
Chem Biodivers. 2023 Apr;20(4):e202200913. doi: 10.1002/cbdv.202200913. Epub 2023 Apr 3.
This work represents the first multi-scale study on Teucrium fruticans L. cultivated at the Ghirardi Botanic Garden (Lombardy, Northern Italy), combining a micromorphological and a phytochemical survey on the plant's aerial parts. Micromorphological investigations, performed by Light Microscopy, Fluorescence Microscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy, highlighted the presence of five trichomes morphotypes, distinguished by a different distribution pattern: peltates, short-stalked and ball-like medium-stalked capitates, ubiquitous on the whole plant, medium-stalked and long-stalked capitates, exclusive to the floral whorls. Both peltates and medium-stalked capitates were recognized as the main terpene production sites. Phytochemical characterization focused on the essential oils (EOs), obtained by Clevenger-type hydrodistillation in February and April 2022 and characterized by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS), which resulted mainly formed by sesquiterpene hydrocarbons. The February EO profile was characterized by β-caryophyllene (28.30 %) and germacrene D (19.16 %) as main compounds, while in April β-myrcene was detected at high percentage (13.77 %), in addition to the previous two components (15.72 % and 11.55 %, respectively). Literature data, dealing with the biological activities of the main oil constituents, highlighted an anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory, and anti-tumor potential, due to the high content in sesquiterpenes and, particularly, of β-caryophyllene and germacrene D.
这项工作是对种植在吉拉尔迪植物园（意大利北部伦巴第）的穗花牡荆进行的首次多尺度研究，结合了对该植物地上部分的微观形态学和植物化学调查。通过光学显微镜、荧光显微镜和扫描电子显微镜进行的微观形态学研究，突出显示了五种毛状体形态类型的存在，它们以不同的分布模式区分：盾状、短柄和球状中柄头状毛状体，在整株植物上普遍存在，中柄和长柄头状毛状体，仅存在于花轮上。盾状和中柄头状毛状体均被认为是主要的萜烯产生部位。植物化学特征集中在精油（EOs）上，这些精油于2022年2月和4月通过克莱文杰型水蒸馏法获得，并通过气相色谱-质谱联用（GC/MS）进行表征，结果表明其主要由倍半萜烃类组成。2月的精油谱以β-石竹烯（28.30%）和杜松烯D（19.16%）为主要成分，而在4月，除了前两种成分（分别为15.72%和11.55%）外，还检测到高比例的β-月桂烯（13.77%）。涉及主要油成分生物活性的文献数据突出了其抗菌、抗炎和抗肿瘤潜力，这归因于倍半萜类尤其是β-石竹烯和杜松烯D的高含量。
