Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghirardi Botanic Garden, University of Milan, Brescia, Italy.
Plant Biol (Stuttg). 2020 Nov;22(6):1013-1021. doi: 10.1111/plb.13166. Epub 2020 Oct 12.
Within an Open Science project, research was carried out to describe to the public of the Ghirardi Botanic Garden (BS, Lombardy, Italy) the invisible features of plants. This work is dedicated to Scutellaria altissima L. (Lamiaceae). Micromorphological, histochemical and phytochemical investigations were conducted on the vegetative and reproductive organs to correlate the structures involved in the emission of substances and their unique productivity. This work reports volatile organic compound (VOC) profiles of leaves and flowers and the composition of essential oil (EO) obtained from aerial parts of plants cultivated in Italy that have never been described before. Three morphotypes of glandular trichomes were observed: peltate, short-stalked capitate and long-stalked capitate. Peltate trichomes were the main producers of terpenes, short-stalked capitates of polysaccharides and long-stalked capitates of terpenes and polyphenols. The leaf VOC profile showed heterogeneous composition, with non-terpene derivatives as the major chemical class (71.04%), while monoterpene hydrocarbons represented almost the totality of the flower (99.73%). The leaf presented a higher number of total (37 versus 11) and exclusive (33 versus 7) compounds. (Z)-3-Hexenol acetate was most abundant in the leaf and (E)-β-ocimene in the flower. Four common compounds were detected: β-pinene, β-caryophyllene, γ-muurolene and germacrene-D. The EO contaied 21 compounds, dominated by β-caryophyllene, linalool and hexahydrofarnesyl acetone. This research allowed us to correlate morphotypes of the secretory structures with the production of secondary metabolites, with the aim of providing the public of the Ghirardi Botanic Garden with a dedicated iconographic approach, which accounts for olfactory perception linked to S. altissima.
在一个开放科学项目中，研究旨在向意大利伦巴第大区（BS）的吉拉尔迪植物园的公众描述植物的无形特征。这项工作专门针对 Scutellaria altissima L.（唇形科）。对营养器官和生殖器官进行了微观形态学、组织化学和植物化学研究，以关联参与物质排放的结构及其独特的生产力。本工作报告了意大利栽培的叶和花的挥发性有机化合物（VOC）图谱以及从未描述过的植物地上部分获得的精油（EO）的组成。观察到 3 种形态的腺毛：盘状、短柄头状和长柄头状。盘状毛是萜类物质的主要生产者，短柄头状毛是多糖的主要生产者，长柄头状毛是萜类物质和多酚的主要生产者。叶 VOC 图谱显示出不均匀的组成，非萜类衍生物是主要的化学类群（71.04%），而单萜烃几乎代表了花的全部（99.73%）。叶中总化合物（37 种对 11 种）和特有化合物（33 种对 7 种）的数量更多。叶中乙酸-3-己烯醇含量最高，花中(E)-β-罗勒烯含量最高。检测到 4 种共同化合物：β-蒎烯、β-石竹烯、γ-古巴烯和大根香叶烯-D。精油含有 21 种化合物，以β-石竹烯、芳樟醇和六氢法呢基丙酮为主。这项研究使我们能够将分泌结构的形态与次生代谢物的产生相关联，目的是为吉拉尔迪植物园的公众提供一种专门的图像方法，该方法解释了与 S. altissima 相关的嗅觉感知。
