State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Green Manufacturing, Yantai, 264000, Shandong, China.
Angew Chem Int Ed Engl. 2023 Jul 3;62(27):e202219312. doi: 10.1002/anie.202219312. Epub 2023 Apr 18.
The great success of controlled radical polymerizations has encouraged researchers to develop more facile and robust approaches for surface-initiated polymerizations (SIPs) to fabricate polymer brushes, even for non-experts. In recent years, external-stimuli-mediated radical polymerization methods have come to the fore as SIPs because of their less rigorous synthetic procedures and high controllability, which expand the opportunities for synthesizing macromolecules with desired chemical compositions and structures, as well as tailor-made polymers and bioconjugates that show broad applicability and physiological compatibility. This review discusses the latest developments in surface-initiated polymerization methods, in particular, external-stimuli mediated atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP), photo-induced polymerizations, and reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization, as well as other methods and their combination for the application in surface grafting. The implementation of these methods is of great interest due to their unique possibilities to temporally control a polymerization process, fast and straightforward polymerization, and environmentally benign features, which lead to established and emerging applications in biolubrication, antifouling, and biosensing.
可控自由基聚合的巨大成功促使研究人员开发出更简单、更稳健的方法来进行表面引发聚合（SIPs），以制备聚合物刷，即使对于非专业人士也是如此。近年来，由于外部刺激介导的自由基聚合方法具有更简单的合成步骤和更高的可控性，作为 SIPs 引起了人们的关注，这为合成具有所需化学组成和结构的大分子、以及具有广泛适用性和生理相容性的定制聚合物和生物缀合物提供了更多机会。本文综述了表面引发聚合方法的最新进展，特别是外部刺激介导的原子转移自由基聚合（ATRP）、光诱导聚合和可逆加成-断裂链转移（RAFT）聚合，以及其他方法及其组合在表面接枝中的应用。由于这些方法具有独特的时间控制聚合过程、快速简便的聚合以及环境友好的特点，因此引起了人们的极大兴趣，它们在生物润滑、抗污和生物传感等方面已经有了成熟的应用，并且还在不断涌现。
