Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Kansas, Kansas City, Kansas, USA.
Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2023 Oct;163(1):23-30. doi: 10.1002/ijgo.14759. Epub 2023 Mar 23.
Contraception use, undesired pregnancy, and abortion care are common medical experiences that most physicians will encounter for their patients. Future physicians should therefore have some formal education on these topics. In this narrative review, we focused on how medical education approaches these sometimes polarizing yet fundamental topics.
We assessed the published literature on sexual and reproductive health education in undergraduate medical education from 2000 to 2021, screening 868 articles and including 52 articles. We included articles that discussed contraception, emergency contraception, pregnancy options counseling, abortion, and ethics related to sexual and reproductive health.
Included studies came from 14 countries and described both preclinical and clinical education. Studies assessed medical student knowledge, the effectiveness of educational interventions and medical school faculty perspectives on sexual and reproductive health curricula. Medical educators have employed a variety of approaches to teach sexual and reproductive health including simulation, objective structured clinical examinations, team-based learning, narrative medicine, online modules, and flipped classrooms.
Students generally received sexual and reproductive health education favorably, demonstrating increased knowledge and comfort with these topics after an education session. Studies also identified curricular gaps and deficiencies in student knowledge, which may indicate a need for improved and consistent medical school education on contraception and abortion.
避孕措施的使用、意外怀孕和流产护理是大多数医生在为患者提供医疗服务时经常会遇到的常见医学问题。因此，未来的医生应该接受一些关于这些问题的正规教育。在本叙述性综述中，我们主要关注医学教育如何处理这些有时存在分歧但又非常基础的问题。
我们评估了 2000 年至 2021 年本科医学教育中关于性与生殖健康教育的文献，筛选了 868 篇文章，纳入了 52 篇文章。这些文章主要讨论了避孕、紧急避孕、妊娠选择咨询、流产以及与性与生殖健康相关的伦理问题。
纳入的研究来自 14 个国家，描述了临床前和临床教育。研究评估了医学生的知识、教育干预的有效性以及医学院校教职员工对性与生殖健康课程的看法。医学教育者采用了多种方法来教授性与生殖健康知识，包括模拟、客观结构化临床考试、团队学习、叙事医学、在线模块和翻转课堂。
学生普遍对性与生殖健康教育持积极态度，表明在接受教育课程后，他们对这些问题的了解和舒适度有所提高。研究还发现了课程中的差距和学生知识的不足，这可能表明需要改进和统一医学院校关于避孕和流产的教育。
