Department of Philosophy, Southern Connecticut State University, 501 Crescent Street, New Haven, CT, 06515, USA.
Department of Philosophy, Maastricht University, FASoS, Grote Gracht 90-92, 6211 PG, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
Sci Eng Ethics. 2023 Mar 23;29(2):11. doi: 10.1007/s11948-023-00428-2.
Several proposals for moral enhancement would use AI to augment (auxiliary enhancement) or even supplant (exhaustive enhancement) human moral reasoning or judgment. Exhaustive enhancement proposals conceive AI as some self-contained oracle whose superiority to our own moral abilities is manifest in its ability to reliably deliver the 'right' answers to all our moral problems. We think this is a mistaken way to frame the project, as it presumes that we already know many things that we are still in the process of working out, and reflecting on this fact reveals challenges even for auxiliary proposals that eschew the oracular approach. We argue there is nonetheless a substantial role that 'AI mentors' could play in our moral education and training. Expanding on the idea of an AI Socratic Interlocutor, we propose a modular system of multiple AI interlocutors with their own distinct points of view reflecting their training in a diversity of concrete wisdom traditions. This approach minimizes any risk of moral disengagement, while the existence of multiple modules from a diversity of traditions ensures pluralism is preserved. We conclude with reflections on how all this relates to the broader notion of moral transcendence implicated in the project of AI moral enhancement, contending it is precisely the whole concrete socio-technical system of moral engagement that we need to model if we are to pursue moral enhancement.
有几项道德增强的提议将利用人工智能来增强（辅助增强）甚至取代（全面增强）人类的道德推理或判断。全面增强的提议将人工智能设想为一个自给自足的神谕，其在可靠地为我们所有的道德问题提供“正确”答案方面的优越性，明显优于我们自己的道德能力。我们认为这是一种错误的框架方式，因为它假定我们已经知道了许多我们仍在努力解决的事情，而反思这一事实甚至对那些回避神谕方法的辅助提议也提出了挑战。我们认为，“人工智能导师”在我们的道德教育和培训中仍然可以发挥重要作用。我们扩展了人工智能苏格拉底对话者的概念，提出了一个由多个具有不同观点的人工智能对话者组成的模块化系统，反映了他们在多样性的具体智慧传统中的培训。这种方法最大限度地降低了道德脱离的风险，而来自不同传统的多个模块的存在确保了多元主义得以保留。最后，我们思考了这一切与人工智能道德增强项目中所涉及的更广泛的道德超越概念的关系，认为如果我们要追求道德增强，就需要对整个具体的社会技术道德参与系统进行建模。
