Li Xiaoyu, Wang Miao, Wen Bolong, Zhang Qilin, Chen Junze, Li Xiujun, An Yu
Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China.
Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China.
Sci Total Environ. 2023 Jun 20;878:162987. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162987. Epub 2023 Mar 21.
Construction of wetland ecological agriculture is recommended to perform ecological function and produce considerable economic value. A mode of wetland ecological agriculture was established on inland saline-alkaline marshes in Northeast of China here. This study used reed as substrate to cultivate Pleurotus citrinopileatus and return the waste substrate (SMS) to ameliorate the saline-alkalized soil. The biological efficiency of mushroom was 69.01 %, and the contents of sugar, crude protein, crude fat, and amino acids were 30.82 %, 23.07 %, 1.58 %, and 19.48 %, respectively in P. citrinopileatus. The cultivated mushrooms had higher contents of Ca, Fe, Zn and Cu, with lower levels of harmful heavy metals. When compared with initial substrates, the SMS remained 93.42 % fiber, 87.08 % carbon, 97.72 % nitrogen, 51.35 % phosphorus, and more Ca contents. Compared with the control, SMS application decreased the soil pH and electro-conductivity by 12.33 % and 30.75 %, and increased total nitrogen and organic matter by 34.98 % and 46.55 %, respectively. In addition to the soil improvements, the above- and belowground biomasses of reed were increased by 172.92 % and 59.64 %, respectively. The study indicated that reed could be used as mushrooms substrates, subsequently applied SMS to ameliorate the saline-alkaline soil. Our wetland ecological agriculture mode of "reed-mushroom-fertilizer" is available and effective for saline-alkaline wetland functioning and economic development.
建议构建湿地生态农业以发挥生态功能并产生可观的经济价值。在此建立了一种中国东北内陆盐碱沼泽地的湿地生态农业模式。本研究以芦苇为基质栽培榆黄蘑，并将废弃基质（SMS）返还以改良盐碱化土壤。榆黄蘑的生物学效率为69.01%，其糖、粗蛋白、粗脂肪和氨基酸含量分别为30.82%、23.07%、1.58%和19.48%。栽培出的蘑菇钙、铁、锌和铜含量较高，有害重金属含量较低。与初始基质相比，SMS保留了93.42%的纤维、87.08%的碳、97.72%的氮、51.35%的磷，且钙含量更高。与对照相比，施用SMS使土壤pH值和电导率分别降低了12.3%和30.75%，总氮和有机质分别增加了34.98%和46.55%。除了改良土壤外，芦苇地上和地下生物量分别增加了172.92%和59.64%。该研究表明芦苇可用作蘑菇基质，随后施用SMS改良盐碱土壤。我们的“芦苇-蘑菇-肥料”湿地生态农业模式对盐碱湿地的功能发挥和经济发展可行且有效。
